lesson 12

Question 1

types of skeletons

Answer 1

-hydrostatic skeletons
-exoskeletons
-endoskeletons

Question 1

hydrostatic skeletons

Answer 1

soft bodies terrestrial and aquatic invertebrates

Question 2

exoskeletons

Answer 2

arthropods

Question 3

endoskeletons

Answer 3

echinoderms and vertebrates

Question 4

cartilage-specialized connective tissue

Answer 4

matrix=ground substance (chondroitin) +collagen fibers
cells=chondrocytes

Question 5

bone-specialized connective tissue

Answer 5

matrix=collagen+ground substance (hydroxyapatite); equal in volume
cells=osteocytes

Question 6

3 categories of bone based on density

Answer 6

-compact
-medullary
-spongy

Question 7

endochondral bone development

Answer 7

-cartilaginous models
-bone added to outside
-cartilage replaced with bone
-lengthening occurs at epiphyseal growth plates
=stops in late adolescence in humans

Question 8

bone remodeling-response to use or disuse

Question 9

sacromeres

Answer 9

myofibrils have alternating light and dark bands
-shorten during muscle contraction

Question 10

fast twitch fibers

Answer 10

-fewer capillaries
-fewer mitochondria
-less myoglobin
-rapid generation of power
-white fibers

Question 11

slow twitch

Answer 11

-more capillaries
-numerous mitochondria
-high myoglobin
-sustained action, endurance
-red fibers