Lesson 17/04 Flashcards
What vector is used to make the gene?
Plasmid
What is used to stick genes back together (new sticky ends)
Lygase
Why do the restriction enzymes form the same (identical) sticky ends
To fit together with the new DNA
What is inserted into the bacterium
Recombinant plasmid
What is the gene from the allele cut out with?
Restriction enzymes
What is meant by the term selective breeding?
Organisms are selectively bread with the best features to get better offspring
What are examples of selective breeding?
Cows - meat/milk yield - best producers are bread together
Wheat- combining the characteristics of small wheat and high producers
How do genetically modified bacteria produce insulin?
Cut insulin gene from DNA with a restriction enzyme
Using plasmid as a vector with same restriction enzyme - forms complimentary sticky ends
Lygase is used to stick them back together
It is a recombinant plasmid - is inserted into bacterium and inserted into the body
What are the stages of cloning in animals?
Nucleus of a sheeps egg cell removed
A diploid nucleus is inserted in it’s place
Stimulate the cell to divide via mitosis and implant it in a uterus of the organism
What are the stages of cloning plants - micropropagation?
Plant is selected to be cloned
Pieces are taken from the side and tips of stems (explants)
They are sterilised to kill micro organisms
The explants are grown in a medium with all the nutrients needed
The cell in the explants divide and grow into a plant
They are taken out of the medium and planted
Food production: what are air outlets for?
Let’s it respire aerobically
Food production: what are electric probes for?
Controls pH, temp - for enzymes and their optimum temp - maximum growth
Food production: what are water outlets for?
Controls temp - water is pumped and cools down the process
Food production: what are inlets for?
For nutrients- amino acids to make proteins
What is sterilising for?
To kill any other unwanted bacterium
