Lesson 14: Reproduction and Heredity

Question 1

What is the difference between asexual and sexual reproduction?

Answer 1

Asexual reproduction:
Generation of offspring from a single parent, no fusion of gametes, offspring are genetically identical to the parent

Sexual reproduction:
Two parents, gametes, offspring have unique combinations of genes inherited from both parents

Question 2

What happens in asexual reproduction?

Answer 2

Single cell organisms reproduce asexually by cell division through binary fission in bacteria and mitosis in eukaryotes

Question 3

What are clones?

Answer 3

Group of genetically identical individuals

Question 4

What happens during sexual reproduction?

Answer 4

Offspring produced sexually are genetically different from both parents and siblings, genetic variation is advantageous to populations that encounter environmental changes

Question 5

What does more variation in a population mean?

Answer 5

More variation in a population increases the chances that some members of a population will survive new environmental conditions

Question 6

What is genetics?

Answer 6

The study of heredity and heredity variation

Question 7

What is heredity?

Answer 7

The transmission of traits from one generation to the next also known as inheritance

Question 8

What is variation?

Answer 8

The differences between parent and offspring or differences between members of the same species

Question 9

How are heredity traits passed to a new generation?

Answer 9

Heredity traits are passed from one generation to the next in the form of genes

Question 10

What are genes?

Answer 10

Discrete unit of hereditary information consisting of a specific sequence in DNA located on chromosomes, located on the locus (top of chromosome)

Question 11

What are gametes?

Answer 11

Plants and animals that reproduce sexually produce specialized cells called gametes that transmit genes from one generation to the next (sperm and egg)

Question 12

What are karyotypes?

Answer 12

Ordered display of all the chromosomes in a cell

Question 13

What do all somatic cells have?

Answer 13

All somatic cells have two copies of each chromosome (each pair has the same length, centromere position, and staining pattern)

Question 14

What are sex chromosomes?

Answer 14

Two homologous chromosomes that are not equal in length, represented by X and Y chromosomes, XXfor women and XY for men, important first determining the sex of an individual

Question 15

What are autosomes?

Answer 15

All other chromosomes other than the X and Y chromosomes

Question 16

What is the same on two homologous chromosomes?

Answer 16

The order of genes are the same on two homologous chromosomes

Question 17

What are alleles?

Answer 17

Different versions of the same gene

Question 18

What is ploidy?

Answer 18

Refers to the number of sets of chromosomes in a cell

Question 19

What are polyploid cells?

Answer 19

Cells that have more than two sets of chromosomes (tetraploid , hexaploid), some animals and plants have increased numbers of chromosome sets (goldfish, wheat, strawberries)