Lesson 12: Cell Cycle

Question 1

What is the cell cycle?

Answer 1

An ordered sequence of events in the life of a cell

Question 2

Can a cell do multiple things at once?

Answer 2

No, a cell can only do ONE of three things at a time

Question 3

What are the three things a cell can be doing?

Answer 3

Being a normal cell, preparing to divide, and dividing

Question 4

Why do cells need to divide?

Answer 4

Growth, development, replace damaged cells, replace old cells, immune response, and to maximize SA:V ratio

Question 5

What is cell division?

Answer 5

How cells reproduce

Question 6

What happens when a cell divides?

Answer 6

One parent cell divides into 2 daughter cells. Each new cell contains an identical copy of the original genetic material (DNA)

Question 7

What do cells contain?

Answer 7

The organisms full genome

Question 8

What is a genome?

Answer 8

Complete set of DNA for an organism

Question 9

What does a genome include?

Answer 9

Both the coding and non-coding regions of DNA

Question 10

What do the coding regions of a genome do?

Answer 10

Encode the genetic information to make RNA and proteins

Question 11

What do the non-coding regions of a genome include?

Answer 11

Do NOT encode for RNA protein

Question 12

What is the cell cycle order?

Answer 12

G1, S, G2, mitosis, cytokinesis

Question 13

What does G1 do?

Answer 13

Growth, making proteins, preparing to divide, copying organelles

Question 14

What does S (synthesis) do?

Answer 14

Copy of DNA (copy of ALL DNA), copy of centrioles

Question 15

What does G2 (gap 2) do?

Answer 15

Growth (making sure it’s big enough to divide in two), checks to make sure everything is okay with the cell

Question 16

What are the steps in mitosis?

Answer 16

Prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase

Question 17

What is the last phase of the cell cycle?

Answer 17

Cytokinesis

Question 18

What is the way to remember the stages of the cell cycle?

Answer 18

Go Sally, Go Make Children
(G1, S, G2, Mitosis, Cytokinesis)

Question 19

What is the way to remember the phases of cell division?

Answer 19

I Passed My Anatomy Test! Cool!
(Interphase (Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, Telophase, Cytokinesis))

Question 20

How much time is spent in interphase?

Answer 20

Is much longer, takes about 90% of the cell cycle

Question 21

What is interphase characterized by?

Answer 21

Growth, organelles replication, and replication of genetic material (DNA)

Question 22

How much time is spent in the mitotic phase (mitosis and cytokinesis)?

Answer 22

Very short, only about 10% of the cell cycle time is spent in mitosis and cytokinesis

Question 23

What are cyclins?

Answer 23

Passage from one stage to the next is controlled by signaling proteins called cyclins

Question 24

What is G0?

Answer 24

Non-dividing cells leave interphase and enter this phase (before or during G1)

Question 25

What is apoptosis?

Answer 25

Programmed cell death, if a cell does not divide properly, etc.

Question 26

What is cell turnover rate?

Answer 26

This rate varies by tissue type and by age

Question 27

What is interphase?

Answer 27

Cells that are actively cycling through cell cycle have 3 different parts of interphase (G1, S, G2)

Question 28

What is mitosis?

Answer 28

Division of the nucleus (DNA), occurs in normal body (somatic) cells, one parent cell—> two daughter cells, and occurs at different rates depending on the cell type

Question 29

What is the difference between mitosis and cytokinesis?

Answer 29

Mitosis is the division of genetic material (DNA) in the nucleus. Cytokinesis is the division of the cytoplasm which usually follows immediately after mitosis

Question 30

What is it called when cyclins don’t work properly and cells basically speed through the cell cycle, ignoring the stop signs (cyclins)?

Answer 30

Cancer

Question 31

What is cancer?

Answer 31

Uncontrolled cell division

Question 32

What is mutation?

Answer 32

DNA changes/mistakes in cyclin gene

Question 33

What happens when maturation occurs?

Answer 33

Cells lose contact inhibition, cells pile up and form a tumor (mass of cells), more cells=more chances of mutations, and tumor cells can metastasize through blood to other tissues (this is BAD)