Lesson 13

Question 1

Virion

Answer 1

Mature viral cell

Question 2

Capsid

Answer 2

Protein coat of multiple caposmeres (subunits)

Question 3

Envelope

Answer 3

Outer lipid layer surrounding capsid and genetic material

Question 4

Bacteriophage

Answer 4

Viron that infects bacterial cells

Question 5

Why are viruses/virons considered non-living?

Answer 5

Viruses use no energy outside of host cells
Only activate once in contact with host cell

Question 6

Naked virus

Answer 6

Nonenveloped - no lipid coat
More resilient
some have glycorotein spikes on capsid

Question 7

Enveloped virus

Answer 7

Lipid coat
more susceptible to killing due to lipid degeneration
glyoprtein spikes on envelope

Question 8

Common shapes of viruses

Answer 8

Helical - cylinder/rod shaped - Ebola virus
Polyhedral - Icosahedron/20 sides - poliovirus, rhinovirus (common cold)
Complex - features of both helical and icosahedral - phages and poxviruses
Spherical - usually enveloped viruses, circular, has a membrane

Question 9

Viral classification

Answer 9

Baltimore classification
Grouped by necleic acid type, replication strategy, and morphology
7 groups

Question 10

RNA viruses

Answer 10

Coronaviridae - common cold, SARS

Question 11

DNA viruses

Answer 11

Adenoviridae - common cold
Herpesviridae - cold sores, mono, chicken pox, shingles
Poxviridae - smallpox, cowpox
Papillomaviridae - warts, tumors, HPV

Question 12

Lytic cycle

Answer 12

Bacteriophage hijacks cell to assemble and create new phage

Question 13

Lysogenic cycle

Answer 13

Phage genetics enter bacterial genome (prophage)

Question 14

Prophage

Answer 14

Bacterial genome with phage genome
produce of the lysogenic cycle

Question 15

Lysogenic conversion

Answer 15

Bacterial host gains new trait from phage adding its genome in
can add to pathogenicity of the bacterial vell

Question 16

Induction

Answer 16

removal of phage plasmid to induce lytic cycle
causes stress -> release new phages

Question 17

General transduction

Answer 17

random bacterial DNA excised into phage during lytic cycle

Question 18

Specialized transduction

Answer 18

DNA near phage plasmid excised during lysogenic cycle
leads to asexual gene transfer between bacterial cells

Question 19

Transcription

Answer 19

copying antisense strand to make mRNA template
DNA -> transcription -> RNA -> translation -> protein

Question 20

Translation

Answer 20

using mRNA template (identical to sense strand) to make protein
DNA -> transcription -> RNA -> translation -> protein