Lesson 1.2 DNA Analysis Flashcards
Adenine
A component of nucleic acids, energy-carrying molecules such as ATP, and certain coenzymes. Chemically, it is a purine base.
Chromosome
Any of the usually linear bodies in the cell nucleus that contain the genetic material.
Cytosine
one of the four main bases found in DNA and RNA, along with adenine, guanine, and thymine (uracil in RNA). Chemically, it is a pyrimidine base.
Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA)
A double-stranded, helical nucleic acid molecule capable of replicating and determining the inherited structure of a cell’s proteins.
Gel Electrophoresis
The separation of nucleic acids or proteins, on the basis of their size and electrical charge, by measuring their rate of movement through an electrical field in a gel.
Gene
A discrete unit of hereditary information consisting of a specific nucleotide sequence in DNA (or RNA, in some viruses).
Guanine
A component of nucleic acids that carries hereditary information in DNA and RNA in cells. Chemically, it is a purine base.
Helix
Something spiral in form.
Model
A simplified version of something complex used, for example, to analyze and solve problems or make predictions.
Nucleotide
A building block of DNA, consisting of a five-carbon sugar covalently bonded to a nitrogenous base and a phosphate group.
Restriction Enzyme
A degradative enzyme that recognizes specific nucleotide sequences and cuts up DNA.
Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphisms (RFLPs)
Differences in DNA sequence on homologous chromosomes that can result in different patterns of restriction fragment lengths (DNA segments resulting from treatment with restriction enzymes).
Thymine
A component of nucleic acid that carries hereditary information in DNA in cells. Chemically, it is a pyrimidine base.
