Lesson 1.1: Nature of Inquiry and Research Flashcards
the word research is from the
french word “cerchier” and prefix “re”
cerchier means
seek
re means
to repeat
a systematic application of scientific methods to the study of a problem
research in education
an investigation or experimentation aimed at the discovery and interpretation of facts, revision of accepting theories or laws in the light of new facts, or practical application of such new or revised theories of laws
research
the creation of new knowledge and or the use of existing knowledge in a new and creative way so as to generate new concepts, methodologies, and understandings
research
research could include the
synthesis and analysis of previous research to the extent that it leads to new and creative outcomes
the systematic investigation into and study of materials and resources in order to establish facts and reach new conclusions
research
process of seeking out knowledge
simplest and easiest definition of research
the process of collecting and analyzing numerical data.
quantitative research
it can be used to find patterns and average, make predictions, test causal relationships, and generalize results to wider populations
quantitative research
use numbers in stating generalizations about a given problem or inquiry in contrast to qualitative research that hardly uses statistical treatment in stating generalizations
quantitative research designs
the units of analysis called
variables
the numbers in the quantitative research designs are the
results of objective scales of measurements of the variables
research is the
foundation of knowledge
research is an
important source for providing guidelines or norms for solving different social, business, or government problems
a variety of formal training which enables us to understand the new development in one’s field in an efficient and effective way
research
characteristics of quantitative research
uses methods/procedures of data gathering that call for measurable characteristics of the population; standardized instruments; uses figures, tables, or graphs to showcase summarized data collected
other characteristics of quantitative research
measurable; structured research instruments; numerical data; large simple sizes; replication; emphasizes on proofs
strengths of quantitative research
most reliable and valid way of concluding results; bigger sample = more reliable/valid results or generalizations; filters out external factors
other strengths of quantitative research
it is objective; it is real and unbiased; the numerical data can be analyzed in quick and easy ways; the use of the statistical techniques facilitates sophisticated analyses of data; quantitative studies are replicable
weaknesses of quantitative research
costly, difficult and time-consuming; requires intensive statistical treatment, requiring stringent standards; quanti methods also tend to turn out only to proved or unproven results, leaving little room for uncertainty or grey areas
weaknesses of quantitative research
requires a large number of participants; it is costly; the information of contextual factors to help interpret or explain the results are usually ignored; if not done seriously and correctly, data from questionnaires may be incomplete and inaccurate, many information are difficult to gather using structured research instruments
refers to the overall strategy that you can use in order to integrate the different components of the study in a coherent and logical way, thereby ensuring researcher to effectively address the research problem
research design
it constitutes as the blueprint for the selection, measurement and analysis of data
research design
classifications of quantitative research designs
experimental and non-experimental
emphasize objective measurements and the statistical, mathematical, or numerical analysis of data collected through polls, questionnaires, and surveys,, or by manipulating pre-existing statistical data using computational techniques.
quantitative methods
what is under experimental quantitative research
true-experimental; quasi-experimental; pre-experimental
what is under non-experimental quantitative research
descriptive
what is under true experimental quantitative research design
pre-test design; post-test design; post-test only/control group design
what is under the quasi-experimental quantitative research design
non equivalent control group design; time series design
converting a true experiment into kind of design for purposes of analysis.
non equivalent control group design
employs multiple measures before and after the experimental intervention.
time series design
what is under pre-experimental quantitative research design
one shot case study; one group
what is under the one group pre-experimental quantitative research design
pre-test design and post-test design
types of descriptive research designs
survey; correlational; ex-post facto research design; comparative design; evaluative research; methodological
a research design used when the researcher intends to provide a quantitative or numerical description of trends, attitude or opinions of a population by studying a sample of that population
survey
a research design used to compare relationships.
correlational
types of correlational studies
bivariate correlational studies; prediction studies; multiple regression prediction studies
obtain scores from two variables for each subject then use them to calculate
a correlation coefficient.
bivariate correlational studies
implies that the two variables are correlated
bivariate
use correlation coefficient to show how one variable (the predictor variable) predicts another (the criterion variable)
prediction studies
what are the two variables in prediction studies
predictor and criterion variable
use correlation coefficient variables that can contribute to the overall prediction in an equation that adds together the predictive power of each identified variable
multiple regression prediction studies
these are non-experimental designs that are used to investigate causal relationships.
ex-post facto research design
involves comparing and contrasting two or more samples of study subjects on one or more variables.
comparative design
seeks to assess or judge in some way providing information about something other than might be gleaned in mere observation or investigation of relationships.
evaluative research
It is conducted to elicit useful feedback from a variety of respondents from various fileds to aid in decision making or policy formulation
evaluative research
the implementation of a variety of methodologies forms a critical part of achieving the goal of developing a scale-matched approach where data from different disciplines can be integrated.
methodological
what is under the qualitative research design
focus group discussion; grounded theory; phenomenology; discourse analysis; participant observation
allows researcher to control the situation.
experimental research design
apply to experimental designs with the least internal activity.
pre-experimental types of research
Two Classes of Experimental Designs:
quasi experimental; true experimental
the quasi-experimental design allows the researcher to
collect more data
controls for both time-related and group-related threats
true-experimental
employs both treated and control growth
true-experimental
