Lesson 11 Emergency Operations & Hazards

Question 1

Loss of Tail Rotor Effectiveness is NOT what?

Answer 1

A mechanical failure

Question 2

What is main rotor disc interference?

Answer 2

Wind (10-30 knots) from the front left that blows rotor vortices directly into the tail rotor. The tail rotor is in dirty air and is less efficient.

Question 3

What is weathercock?

Answer 3

Wind from the rear of the helicopter yaw the helicopter either to the right or left. Maintain positive control of the helicopter

Question 4

Tail Rotor Vortex Ring State

Answer 4

A left crosswind blows air into the tail rotor causing a vortex ring state and a loss of efficiency.

Question 5

What flying situations might cause LTE? (5 things)

Answer 5

Low and slow flight out of ground effect
Tailwinds with high power requirements
Low speed downwind turn
Large changes of power at low airspeeds
Low speed flight near obstructions

Question 6

Beware of LTE at altitude in what two conditions

Answer 6

High gross weight
High density altitude

Question 7

How can you avoid LTE? (5 things)

Answer 7

1) Maintain max rotor RPM
2) Avoid tailwinds below 30 knots
3) Avoid OGE/high power situations in winds over 30 knots
4) Be aware if you are maintaining full left pedal, you might not have enough left pedal to counteract right yaw.
5) Execute slow right turns

Question 8

Recovery for LTE (2 things)

Answer 8

Apply forward cyclic
Reduce collective (this increases RPM), if altitude permits

Question 9

What is retreating blade stall?

Answer 9

When the retreating blade exceeds the critical angle of attack (usually around 15 degrees)

Question 10

What does retreating blade stall limit?

Answer 10

Forward airspeed

Question 11

When is Retreating Blade Stall more likely to occur? (5 things) These lower Vne.

Answer 11

High gross weight
High density altitude
Low RPM
Steep or abrupt turns
Turbulent air

Question 12

What happens during retreating blade stall? (3 things)

Answer 12

1) Abnormal vibrations
2) Pitch up of the nose ( due to gyroscopic precession)
3) Roll to the retreating side

Question 13

Recovery for retreating blade stall (4 things)

Answer 13

1) Reduce collective pitch
2) Increase RPM
3) Reduce forward airspeed
4) Minimize maneuvering

Question 14

Who is more susceptible to get into a low g condition?

Answer 14

Aircraft pilot

Question 15

What is low g condition?

Answer 15

The helicopter starts to push into the rotor

Question 16

Why do you have a right roll in an autorotation?

Answer 16

Because the tail rotor is still pushing air right, which causes the helicopter to roll right.

Question 17

What is the wrong pilot control input in a low g situation?

Answer 17

Correcting the right roll, with left cyclic

Question 18

What is the correct pilot control input in a low g situation?

Answer 18

Aft cyclic, once you feel positive g, correct the roll with lateral cyclic