Lesson 10- Modern Evolutionary Classification

Question 1

(Blank) is the study of evolutionary relationships among organisms.

Answer 1

Phylogeny

Question 2

Biologists currently group organisms into categories that represent (sentence blank), or phylogeny, not just physical similarities.

The strategy of grouping organisms is based on evolutionary history and is called (blank) (blank).

Answer 2

lines of evolutionary descent,
evolutionary classification

Question 3

The higher the level of the (blank), the further back in time is the common ancestor of all the organisms in the taxon.

Organisms that appear very similar may not share a recent common ancestor.

Answer 3

taxon

Question 4

Different Methods of Classification

Answer 4

• CLASSIFICATION BASED ON VISIBLE SIMILARITY
• Cladogram

Question 5

Classification Using Cladograms

Many biologists now use a method called (blank) (blank).

Characteristics that appear in recent parts of a lineage but not in its older members are called (blank) (blank)

Answer 5

cladistic analysis, derived characters.

Question 6

Derived characters can be used to construct a (blank), a diagram that shows the evolutionary relationships among a group of organisms

Answer 6

cladogram

Question 7

A cladogram shows the evolutionary relationships between (blank), (blank), and (blank).

Answer 7

crabs, barnacles, and limpets.

Question 8

Similarities in DNA and RNA

The genes of many organisms show important similarities at the (blank) (blank).

Similarities in DNA can be used to help determine (blank) and (blank) (blank).

Answer 8

molecular level, classification, evolutionary relationships

Question 9

The more similar the DNA of two species, the more recently they shared a common ancestor, and the more closely they are related in evolutionary terms.

Answer 9

Dna Evidence

Question 10

Example of DNA Evidence

Answer 10

DNA sequence comparison of the X and Y amelogenin gene fragments of sheep and European red deer.

Question 11

A (blank) (blank) uses DNA comparisons to estimate the length of time that two species have been evolving independently.

Answer 11

molecular clock

Question 12

Systems of classification adapt to new discoveries.

(Blank) classified organisms into two kingdoms- (blank) and (blank).

Answer 12

Linnaeus, animals and plants.

Question 13

Five Kingdoms

Scientists realized there were enough differences among organisms to make 5 kingdoms:

Answer 13

• Monera
• Protista
• Fungi
• Plantae
• Animalia

Question 14

The six-kingdom system of classification includes:

Answer 14

• Eubacteria
• Archaebacteria
• Protista
• Fungi
• Plantae
• Animalia

Question 15

Introduced
1700’s

Answer 15

Plantae, Animalia

Question 16

Introduced
Late 1800’s

Answer 16

Protists, Plantae, Animalia

Question 17

Introduced in
1950’s

Answer 17

Monera, Protists, Plantae, Animalia

Question 18

Introduced in
1990’s

Answer 18

Eubacteria, Archaebacteria, Protists, Plantae, Animalia

Question 19

The Three-Domain System

Molecular analyses have given rise to a new taxonomic category that is now recognized by many scientists.

The (blank) is a more inclusive category than any other (sentence blank)

Answer 19

domain, larger than a kingdom

Question 20

The three domains are:

Answer 20

Eukarya
Bacteria
Archaea

Question 21

The three domains are:

• Eukarya, which is composed of (blank), (blank), (blank), and (blank).
•Bacteria, which corresponds to the kingdom (blank).
• Archaea, which corresponds to the kingdom (blank).

Answer 21

Protist, fungi, plants, and animals,
Eubacteria
Archaebacteria

Question 22

Domain Bacteria

Members of the domain Bacteria are (blank) (blank).

Their cells have thick, rigid cell walls that surround a cell membrane.

Their cell walls contain (blank)

Answer 22

unicellular prokaryotes, peptidoglycan

Question 23

Domain Archaea

Members of the domain Archaea are (blank) (blank).

Many live in extreme environments.

Their cell walls (blank) (blank), and their cell membranes contain (blank) (blank) not found in any other organism.

Answer 23

unicellular prokaryotes, lack peptidoglycan, unusual lipids

Question 24

Domain Eukarya

The domain Eukarya consists of organisms that have a (blank).

This domain is organized into four kingdoms:

• Protista
• Fungi
•Plantae
• Animalia

Answer 24

nucleus,

• Protista
• Fungi
•Plantae
• Animalia

Question 25

The kingdom (blank) is composed of eukaryotic organisms that cannot be classified as animals, plants, or fungi.

Its members display the greatest variety.

They can be unicellular or (blank); photosynthetic or (blank); and can share characteristics with plants, fungi, or animals

Answer 25

Protista, multicellular, heterotrophic

Question 26

Members of the kingdom (blank) are heterotrophs.

Most fungi feed on dead or decaying organic matter by (blank) (blank) (blank) into it and absorbing small food molecules into their bodies.

They can be either multicellular (blank) or unicellular (blank).

Answer 26

Fungi, secreting digestive enzymes, mushrooms, yeasts

Question 27

Members of the kingdom Plantae are multicellular, photosynthetic autotrophs.

Plants are (blank)-they cannot move from place to place.

Plants have cell walls that contain (blank)

Answer 27

Plantae, nonmotile, cellulose

Question 28

Members of the kingdom (blank) are (blank) and (blank).

The cells of animals do not have cell walls.

There is great diversity within the animal kingdom, and many species exist in nearly every part of the planet.

Answer 28

Animalia, multicellular and heterotrophic