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Linux+ XK0-004 > Lesson 10: Managing Networking > Flashcards

Lesson 10: Managing Networking Flashcards

1
Q

How do you view your interfaces and their associated IP address ?

A

Use the “ip addr” command

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2
Q

What is DORA?

A

DORA is a acronym that explains the DHCP process - Discover, Offer, Request, Acknowledgement

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3
Q

What is TCP/IP?

A

IP - Internet protocol and is responsible for addressing

TCP - Transmission control Protocol, allows a computer to establish a session between computer and the next computer that it’s trying to talk to

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4
Q

UDP

A

User Datagram Protocol - (best effort protocol)

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5
Q

How do you look up the address to a system?

A

nslookup {host_name}

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6
Q

How can you view network sessions running in background?

A

Use command ss (socket statistics)

ss -an

  • a view all session
  • n don’t list no names
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7
Q

How do you view your default gateway?

A

use the command route or use ip route

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8
Q

What does the command dhclient do?

A

command dhclient turns on dhcp service

-r - restarts dhcp service release and renew

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9
Q

How do you restart entire network stack?

A

Use the following systemctl command: systemctl restart network.serrvice

Or on older systems: service network restart

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10
Q

Where are network configurations stored?

A

/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts folder which contains scripts files that run when an interface comes up or goes down

note.

or Debian distributions, network configuration files can be found in the /etc/network/ directory. Many Debian-based distributions use Network Manager, so editing the files in /etc/network/ is usually not necessary.

Or /etc/netplan/99_config.yaml
- Netplan apply to set changes

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11
Q

How do you configure a static IP?

A

Navigate to the network interface config file and set the following settings:

BOOTPROTO=none
IPADDR0={ip_address}
PERFIX0={SUBNET_8, 16, OR 24}
GATEWAY0={gateway_ip}

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12
Q

How do you set global network settings?

A

You can set global configurations in the systemctl/network file but keep in mind that the network interface config overrides the global config

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13
Q

What is contained in the /etc/resolv.conf file?

A

global setting for defining name servers

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14
Q

How do you change your hostname?

A

use the hostnamectl set-hostname {name}

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15
Q

What a Utility you can use to set network configurations?

A

The network manager utility: nmcli. The syntax of the nmcli command is nmcli [options] [subcommand] [arguments]

general statusView a summary of network connectivity data.connection showView identification information for each NIC.con up {device ID}Enable the specified NIC.con down {device ID}Disable the specified NIC.con edit {device ID}Enter interactive mode to configure the specifiedNIC.device statusDisplay the current status of each NIC.

nmcli connection edit {interface_name}

nmcli devices status -list devices

nmcli devices show {network_adapter} -will show adapter configuration

note.If you get error network is properly not running

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16
Q

How do you set a static IP address using the network manager?

A

nmcli connection edit {interface_name}
set ipv4.method manual
set ipv4.addr {ip_address such as 192.168.0.2/24}
nmcli connection reload

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17
Q

What network utility lets you send out a echo request and received a echo request in response?

A

ping {host_name}

ping6 {host_name} -to test ipv6

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18
Q

What command maps out all connections to a Host?

A

traceroute {hostname} or tracepath {hostname} (this is newer)

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19
Q

What does the command ip route do?

A

ip route - to see your router/gateway IP

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20
Q

What is a reason you would ping your own IP?

A

To check your network adapter and confirm IP address.

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21
Q

Aside from nslookup, what utility can you use to find issues with the DNS server?

A

dig {hostname}

note.allow take a look at the configuration in /etc/resolve.conf, dns can be overwriting in the /etc/hosts file

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22
Q

How do you see network traffic going in and out?

A

Use the command: ss
ss -atp -all session, tcp , actively listing
ss -tp sees active connection
ss.–route shows routing table or use ip route
ss –process show programs that are holding ports open

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23
Q

What is the command tcpdump used for

A

Will interface with the TCP/IP stack and grab any packet that passes through

tcpdump -i (interface) {interface_name}

CTRL C - stop

can add “> ./data.txt” to end to drop into a file

24
Q

How would you test if a firewall is blocking you?

A

The command net cat lets you view network connection

nc {hostname} {port}

25
Q

Explain the OSI Model ?

A

The Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) model standardizes how networking is meant to function:

Layer7 Application - Supports applications and end-users.

Layer6 Presentation - Formats data for use.

Layer5 Session - Establishes, maintains, and tears down a connection.

Layer4 Transport - Enables reliable transmission of information.

Layer3 Network - Enables logical addressing (IP addresses).

Layer2 Data link - Enables physical addressing (MAC addresses).

Layer 1 Physical - Enables physical network connectivity.

26
Q

What is the nmtui command?

A

nmtui command, gives visual representation of network configuration options. You can call up a text-based user interface, or TUI

27
Q

What network utility includes a GUI that provide access to a wide variety of other network settings?

A

The nmgui (network Manager) utility, which is particularly helpful for managing the network connections of workstations and enables IPv4 and IPv6 configuration.

28
Q

What command provides wireless NIC configurations?

A

The iwconfig command, the syntax of the iwconfig command is iwconfig [options] [interface]

note.

Here are some additional options:

nick {name} Set a nickname for the NIC.mode

{mode} Set the operating mode for the NIC that corresponds to
the network topology

freq {number} Set the Wi-Fi frequency used by the NIC

channel {number} Set the Wi-Fi channel used by the NIC

retry {number} Set the maximum number of MAC retransmissions forthe NIC.

29
Q

What command is used to manages NIC drives?

A

ethtool. The syntax of the ethtool command is ethtool [options] {device name}. The command is used to manage NIC drivers and network configurations the utility also has many options for gathering information.

note.

Additional command options:

  • S {interface} Show statistics for a NIC.
  • i {interface} Show driver information for a NIC.
  • t {interface} Execute a self-test on the NIC.
  • s {interface} {setting} {value} Change some of a NIC’s settings, such as its speed and duplex mode.
  • f {interface} {image} Write (“flash”) a firmware image to the NIC.
30
Q

What command is used to configure bridging within Linux?

A

The brctl (bridge control) command. The syntax of the brctl command is brctl [command]

A common example of bridging is as follows:

  1. brctl show —View the bridging configuration.
  2. brctl addbr {bridge name} —Create an empty bridge.
  3. brctl addif {bridge name} eth0 —Add eth0 to the bridge.
  4. brctl addif {bridge name} eth1 —Add eth1 to the bridge, linkingthe networks connected to eth0 and eth1.
31
Q

What is NIC Bonding?

A

The act of associating two or more NICs together on the same system

32
Q

What are the benefits of NIC bonding?

A

It enables aggregation oftheir combined bandwidth, fault tolerance/redundancy, and load balancing.

33
Q

What are the steps to NIC bonding?

A
34
Q

What is a network utility that uses YAML description files to configure network interfaces?

A

netplan and the YAML description files are stored in the /etc/netplan/ directory?

35
Q

What file enables the configuration of DHCP client settings?

A

The /etc/dhcp/dhclient.conf file, which is called and managed by NetworkManager

35
Q

What file enables the configuration of DHCP client settings?

A

The /etc/dhcp/dhclient.conf file, which is called and managed by NetworkManager

36
Q

What name resolution option does the /etc/nsswitch.conf contain?

A

/etc/nsswitch.conf file includes several configuration options. The option related to name resolution defines the order in which name resolution methods will be used by the system.

37
Q

What is hypervisor?

A

A layer of software that separates a VM’s software from the physical hardware it runs on.

38
Q

What is the Open Virtualization Format (OVF) template

A

Template that contains necessary configuration files, packages, etc., for virtual machines and network devices.

note.

OVF files are easily distributed. The metadata of the virtual machine, including information about the VM’s requirements and dependencies, is described in an XML-formatted file with a .ovf extension.

39
Q

What is the JSON template?

A

JavaScript Object Notation(JSON) files may be used to store information that is easy for most programming languages to interpret and use.

note.

One use of JSON files is for the quick deployment and configuration of one or more virtual machines.

40
Q

What is the YAML template?

A

YAML Ain’t Markup Language(YAML), used to store configuration information that is used on newly deployed virtual machines.

note.

This information may be used by cloud-init to install software or create user accounts during the virtual machine’s first boot, or may be used by orchestration tools like Ansible. YAML files consist ofa list of key–value pairs that specify the desired configuration.

41
Q

What is Container images template?

A

Containerization virtualizes at the OS layer, providing application isolation, even though the applications are sharing a single OS.

note.

may be useful for hosting production applications as well as for testing applications by developers.

You can deploy containers using container images that you have created yourself or have downloaded from the Internet.

42
Q

What does the term bootstrapping refer to?

A

Ir refers to the startup of the OS, the adage “pulling yourself up by the bootstraps,” meaning that the OS starts with simple layers that move toward more complex functionality.

43
Q

What is thin storage?

A

Thin storage refers to a virtual storage device file that will grow on demand up. This may make for more efficient use of drive space, but it includes a performance hit.

44
Q

What is a thick storage?

A

Thick provisioning immediately reserves the allocated space for use. Performance is better, but it may consume more drive space than it needs.

45
Q

What does blob refer to?

A

Blob (binary large object) refers to the storing of data in an unstructured manner

46
Q

What are some VM network configuration options?

A

No networking: Simulates a computer that does not include a NIC

Internal: connected to virtual switch that permits network communication with only other virtual machines,

Private: network communication with other virtual machines and with the host operating system, but no network connectivity to physical NIC

Public: network communication with other virtual machines, the host operating system, and the physical NIC. This configuration exposes VM to the business network

47
Q

What command allows you to interact with KVM VMs?

A

The virsh command

note.

List of subcommands:

help Get help with the virsh command.

list Get a list of recognized VMs.

shutdown {VM} Gracefully shut down a VM.

start {VM} Start a VM.

reboot {VM }Reboot a VM.

create {XML file name} Create a VM from an XML file.

save {VM} {file name} Save the state of a VM with the given file name.console {VM}

Open a console to a VM.

48
Q

What API provides the software building blocks for you to write your own virtualization solutions?

A

Linux virtualization solutions are built on top of libvirt

49
Q

What two commands is used to report the network path between the source and destination computers?

A

the traceroute and tracepath commands, The syntax of the traceroute and tracepath commands are traceroute/tracepath [options] {destination}

50
Q

How do you view and configure routing tables?

A
51
Q

What does the command netstat do?

A

The netstat (network statistics), is used to gather information about TCP connections to the system. The syntax of the netstat command is netstat [options]

Option:

  • v Activate verbose mode.
  • i [interface] Display information about all network interfaces or the specified interface.
  • c Continuously print information every second.
  • l Show only what ports are being listened on.
52
Q

What tool allows you to explore a network environment, identifying nodes, report back available services, operating system versions, hostnames, IP addresses, etc.?

A

Network Mapper, or nmap utility, The syntax of the nmap command is nmap [options] {target}

53
Q

What command displays bandwidth usage information for the system?

A

The iftop command, The syntax of the iftop command is iftop [options] [-i {interface}]

54
Q

What does the iperf command do?

A

It is used to test the maximum throughput an interface will support. The syntax of the iperf command is iperf {-c|-s} [options]

55
Q

What is the difference between Bandwidth and Throughput?

A

Bandwidth is the potential amount of data that may move through a network connection in a given amount of time. Throughput is the amount of data that actuallymoves through a network connection in the given amount of time.

56
Q

What does the mtr command do?

A

The mtr utility is a combination of ping and traceroute it enables testing of the quality of a network connection. The syntax of the mtr command is mtr [options] [hostname]

Linux+ XK0-004 (15 decks)

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