Lesson 10: Behaviour modification Flashcards
1
Q
What is behaviour modification?
A
It is based on the principles of the behaviourist approach, as it assumes that all behaviour is learnt. It involves the systematic use of operant conditioning to maintain a desired behaviour.
2
Q
What is token economy?
A
- A form of behaviour modification used in prisons.
- Desirable behaviours are reinforced with a token which can be exchanged for a reward. Behaviours may include avoiding conflict, following rules, keeping cell clean etc.
- The tokens themselves are a secondary reinforcer as they are exchanged for a reward (primary).
- A reward may include time in the gym, a computer, extra food, or a phone call.
- Negative behaviours result in the tokens and rewards being withheld (negative reinforcement.)
- The identified action, e.g avoiding conflict is broken down into smaller steps called increments
- All those who come into contact with the offender must follow the same regime of selective reinforcement.
- It is overseen by a prison official who can monitor its effectiveness
3
Q
Strengths of behaviour modification
A
Relatively easy to administer. It does not require expert professionals or specialist equipment. It can be easily implemented by anyone in the prison. It is also economic and easy to follow once it has been established.
4
Q
Weaknesses of behaviour modification
A
- Staff must be consistent. It does require proper training.
- It can only be used in a controlled environment. Because of this, any behaviours learnt inside may be lost on release. Law-abiding behaviour like avoiding conflict is not rewarded on the outside, but you may find rewards in criminality.
- It may be unethical to withhold liberties like a phone call. As well as this, the withdrawal of these liberties can be physically and psychologically harmful
- It only deals with surface behaviour. Alternative treatments may require offenders to reflect on the cause of their offending, like CBT for example.
