lesson 1: what is language? Flashcards
define “linguistic competence”
what you know when you know a language–largely hidden and unconscious
define “linguistic performance”
observable realization of one’s linguistic competence as revealed in speech and language behavior
define “phonetics”
the study of the physical properties of speech sounds and how they are made
define “phonology”
the study of the organization and distribution of speech sounds
define “morphology”
the study of the formation of words
define “syntax”
the study of the structure of phrases and sentences
define “semantics”
the study of the meanings of words and sentences
____ ____ can be divided into lexicon and mental grammar.
linguistic competence
define “lexicon”
a mental dictionary containing all the information you know about the words of your language
define “mental grammar”
knowledge of the rules that govern the sounds/words/sentences in your language
define “prescriptive grammar”
a set of rules prescribing what people should or shouldn’t say to be considered correct or proper
define “descriptive grammar”
a set of rules describing what people do or can say in their language (i.e., what is possible vs. impossible)
____ grammar is natural and known intuitively; ____ grammar is not natural and must be taught in school
descriptive; prescriptive
____ grammar reflects value judgments; ____ grammar makes no value judgments
prescriptive; descriptive
which three design features of language are shared by all communication systems?
mode of communication, semanticity, pragmatic function
