Lesson 1 - What is AI? Flashcards
Covers the cultural prevelance of AI throughout history, definitions of artificial and natural intelligence as well as philosophical motivations/questions surrounding the discipline of Ai.
What was accounted in the Lie Zi text?
an encounter between King Mu of Zhou and a mechanical engineer Yan Shi, who produced a working life-size human-shaped figure
What/when was the first example of AI in literature/pop culture?
Lie Zi text (3BC China)
Names of 2 Greek myths that had AI themes
** characters in Greek mythology
Pygmalion and Hephaestus
P - sculpture came to life
H - made mechnical servants/bronze warrior
What did Al Jazari invent and when?
the 4 automatic musicians in a boat, which could be programmed to play different beats
what is a golem in Jewish folklore?
an anthropomorphic being, created from inanimate matter
how was Da Vinci’s mechanical knight capable of independent motion?
fitted with gears and wheels that were attached to an elaborate pulley/cable system
Jacques de Vaucanson created…
le canard digérateur (digesting duck)
karakuri ningyo translates to
trick puppet/automata
appearance of intelligence
what 3 factors were catalysts for AI’s transition from a literary/imaginative concept to a scientific discipline?
invention of the computer in the 40s, Turing’s foundational theory, discoveries in related fields suggested that building an electronic brain might be possible
e.g neurology, information theory and cybernetics
significance of John McCarthy
organised Dartmouth Conference 1956
according to John McCarthy, what is artificial intelligence?
the science and engineering of making intelligent machines, without confining itself to methods that are biologically observable
according to John McCarthy, what is intelligence?
the computational part of the ability to achieve goals in the world
which 3 founding fathers of AI gave very human-centred definitions of AI?
John McCarthy, Marvin Minsky and Herbert Simon
what is natural (human) intelligence? PC LARS
the ability to:
PLAN, understand COMPLEX ideas, LEARN quickly, ADAPT to an environment, REASON and SOLVE problems
what are the 4 main motivations for creating AI?
technical, philosophical, cognitive science, fun
what are the 3 main philosophical questions that underpin the work on AI?
can machines act intelligently? are human/machine intelligence the same? can computers have the same mental consciousness as humans?
who created the Strong vs Weak AI Hypothesis (distinction 1)
John Searle
where was the Strong vs Weak AI hypothesis first mentioned?
Searle, Mind, brains and programs, 1980
Searle’s two papers about the Strong vs Weak AI hypothesis
Mind, brains and programs (1980)
Mind, language and society (1999)
according to Russell and Norvig (2010), most AI researchers take the ____ AI hypothesis for granted
weak
according to Russell and Norvig (2010), most AI researchers don’t care about the ____ AI hypothesis
strong
what is Russell and Norvig (2010) ‘s take on modern Ai researchers’ preoccupations with the ethics of AI
they cre more about building a working system and not whether it simulates vs truly has intelliegence
Searle’s Strong vs Weak AI Hypothesis
An appropriately programmed computer CAN think vs can only SIMULATE thinking
Kurzweil’s Strong vs Weak AI Hypothesis
Computers will be able to exhibit/exceed human-level intelligence vs they will only have intelligence limited to a particular domain
Alternative name for Kurzweil’s Strong AI Hypothesis
Artificial General Intelligence
