Lesson 1 - What is AI?

Question 1

What was accounted in the Lie Zi text?

Answer 1

an encounter between King Mu of Zhou and a mechanical engineer Yan Shi, who produced a working life-size human-shaped figure

Question 1

What/when was the first example of AI in literature/pop culture?

Answer 1

Lie Zi text (3BC China)

Question 2

Names of 2 Greek myths that had AI themes

** characters in Greek mythology

Answer 2

Pygmalion and Hephaestus

P - sculpture came to life
H - made mechnical servants/bronze warrior

Question 3

What did Al Jazari invent and when?

Answer 3

the 4 automatic musicians in a boat, which could be programmed to play different beats

Question 4

what is a golem in Jewish folklore?

Answer 4

an anthropomorphic being, created from inanimate matter

Question 5

how was Da Vinci’s mechanical knight capable of independent motion?

Answer 5

fitted with gears and wheels that were attached to an elaborate pulley/cable system

Question 6

Jacques de Vaucanson created…

Answer 6

le canard digérateur (digesting duck)

Question 7

karakuri ningyo translates to

Answer 7

trick puppet/automata

appearance of intelligence

Question 8

what 3 factors were catalysts for AI’s transition from a literary/imaginative concept to a scientific discipline?

Answer 8

invention of the computer in the 40s, Turing’s foundational theory, discoveries in related fields suggested that building an electronic brain might be possible

e.g neurology, information theory and cybernetics

Question 9

significance of John McCarthy

Answer 9

organised Dartmouth Conference 1956

Question 10

according to John McCarthy, what is artificial intelligence?

Answer 10

the science and engineering of making intelligent machines, without confining itself to methods that are biologically observable

Question 11

according to John McCarthy, what is intelligence?

Answer 11

the computational part of the ability to achieve goals in the world

Question 12

which 3 founding fathers of AI gave very human-centred definitions of AI?

Answer 12

John McCarthy, Marvin Minsky and Herbert Simon

Question 13

what is natural (human) intelligence? PC LARS

Answer 13

the ability to:
PLAN, understand COMPLEX ideas, LEARN quickly, ADAPT to an environment, REASON and SOLVE problems

Question 14

what are the 4 main motivations for creating AI?

Answer 14

technical, philosophical, cognitive science, fun

Question 15

what are the 3 main philosophical questions that underpin the work on AI?

Answer 15

can machines act intelligently? are human/machine intelligence the same? can computers have the same mental consciousness as humans?

Question 16

who created the Strong vs Weak AI Hypothesis (distinction 1)

Answer 16

John Searle

Question 17

where was the Strong vs Weak AI hypothesis first mentioned?

Answer 17

Searle, Mind, brains and programs, 1980

Question 18

Searle’s two papers about the Strong vs Weak AI hypothesis

Answer 18

Mind, brains and programs (1980)
Mind, language and society (1999)

Question 19

according to Russell and Norvig (2010), most AI researchers take the ____ AI hypothesis for granted

Answer 19

weak

Question 20

according to Russell and Norvig (2010), most AI researchers don’t care about the ____ AI hypothesis

Answer 20

strong

Question 21

what is Russell and Norvig (2010) ‘s take on modern Ai researchers’ preoccupations with the ethics of AI

Answer 21

they cre more about building a working system and not whether it simulates vs truly has intelliegence

Question 22

Searle’s Strong vs Weak AI Hypothesis

Answer 22

An appropriately programmed computer CAN think vs can only SIMULATE thinking

Question 23

Kurzweil’s Strong vs Weak AI Hypothesis

Answer 23

Computers will be able to exhibit/exceed human-level intelligence vs they will only have intelligence limited to a particular domain

Question 24

Alternative name for Kurzweil’s Strong AI Hypothesis

Answer 24

Artificial General Intelligence