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Network + > Lesson 1 -- Verified > Flashcards

Lesson 1 -- Verified Flashcards

1
Q

What is a network

A

Devices that are connected together and share resources

Verified

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2
Q

What are some network resources

A

servers
printers
scanners
SAN

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3
Q

Are all networks alike

A

no

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4
Q

Name the network componenets

A

Devices
Physical Media
Network Adapters
Network Operating Systems

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5
Q

What’s a node

A

Anything connected to the network that process, generates or transfers data.

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6
Q

Does a node have addressing information

A

Yes

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7
Q

Can a node be an endpoint or redistribution point

A

Yes

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8
Q

What is an endpoint

A

Source or destination point for data

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9
Q

What is a redistribution point

A

Nodes that transfer data such as routers or switches

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10
Q

Name an endpoint

A

Printer

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11
Q

Name a redistribution point

A

Router
Switch

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12
Q

What is the method or rules for a network called regarding

A

Protocol

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13
Q

Name some protocols

A

HTTP
HTTPs
SMTP

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14
Q

Segment

A

Subdivision of a network that links devices or serves as a connection between two nodes

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15
Q

Is a segment bound by a physical networking device

A

Yes

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16
Q

What is a physical devices that bounds a network segment

A

Switch or
Routers

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17
Q

Do all nodes on a segment have access to that portion of the network

A

Yes

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18
Q

What is a network backbone

A

Very high speed transmission path that carries the majority of network data

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19
Q

Backbones connect what

A

Server nodes or smaller networks together

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20
Q

What is a typical LAN network backbone

A

One or more core level switches or several switches connected together by trunk links

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21
Q

What is a typical WAN backbone

A

ATM or Frame relay cloud

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22
Q

Frame Relay Cloud

A

?

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23
Q

ATM

A

?

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24
Q

What are some typical network backbones

A

Serial
Distributed/hierarchical
Collapsed
Parallel

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25
Q

What is a server

A

Something that shares resources and responds to requests. Provides central access to resources like storage, printing, email, apps and files

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26
Q

What provides centralized access and storage

A

Servers

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27
Q

Do servers serve specific or general functions

A

They can be setup to do either

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28
Q

This device listens for incoming connection requests from clients

A

Server

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29
Q

ADS

A

Active Directory Service

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30
Q

DNS

A

Domain Name Server

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31
Q

DHCP

A

Dynamic Host Control Protocol

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32
Q

PKI

A

Public Key Infrastructure

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33
Q

IPSec

A

Internet Protocol Security

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34
Q

LDAP

A

Lightweight Directory Access Protocol

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35
Q

What is a client

A

Computer or process running on a device that initiates a connection to a server

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36
Q

What initiates a connection with a server

A

Client

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37
Q

Do servers have to accept all connection requests

A

No

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38
Q

Client have what in them

A

Processor
storage
memory

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39
Q

Can any type of device on a network function as a client of another device

A

Yes

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40
Q

What are common clients

A

workstation or desktop employed by an end user

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41
Q

Thin Client

A

devices that needs a server to fulfill some of its computational needs

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42
Q

Do dumb terminals need a server to perform its main functions

A

Yes

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43
Q

Host

A

any device that is connected to a network and other devices have to access its resources

server
printer
router
switch
Any device

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44
Q

Name some typical hosts

A 
Client
Server
printer 
router
switch

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45
Q

What is the generally accepted term for Host on a TCP/IP network

A

any independent system on a TCP/IP network

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46
Q

Peer device

A

Any computer that can act as a client or a server on a network

Used on networks with no central server

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47
Q

Are P2P network safe

A

Generally, they are not safe

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48
Q

Mainframe

A

Powerful centralized computer that does the heavy lifting (computing tasks) on a network on behalf of clients and other networking devices

Does all computing and returns output to end user device

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49
Q

Terminal

A

Device on mainframe network that transmit user entered data to the mainframe for processing; also displays the results from the mainframe.
They are typically monitors and keyboard.

Connects to a dedicated port on the mainframe

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50
Q

Dumb Terminal

A

device relies on the mainframe for storage and computing

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51
Q

Terminal emulator

A

allows standard client devices to interact with main frame computers by acting as a dedicated terminal to the mainframe

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52
Q

Thin Client

A

relies on another device to provide processing power.
They have their own processor and ram but no hard drive.
Connects to the network like any other device but boots from its network card by downloading the OS from the network and running it from RAM

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53
Q

Name the numbering systems

A

Binary
Hexadecimal
Octal
Decimal aka Base 10

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54
Q

Name the parts of the OSI model

A 
Physical 
Data 
Network 
Transport 
Session 
Presentation 
Application

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55
Q

Describe Layer 7

A

Enables applications on a device to request services such as file transfers, email and database access

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56
Q

Describe Layer 6

A

Translates app data into an intermediate format that the client and server can process

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57
Q

Describe Layer 5

A

Establishes and controls data communication between apps operating on two different devices
Regulates when a device can send data and how much

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58
Q

Describe Layer 4

A

Performs actual establishment, maintenance, and teardown of the connection. Divides long comm into smaller segments. Error recognition and correction and data receipt acknowledgment. TCP and UDP

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59
Q

Describe Layer 3

A

Adds logic addressing and chooses the best route for the data

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60
Q

Describe Layer 2

A

Structures the data into a format appropriate for the transmission medium. Adds physical addressing such as MAC or Frame Relay data link connection identifier DLCI numbers. Can perform simple error checking

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61
Q

Describe Layer 1

A

Transmits bits from one device to another

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62
Q

Name some Layer 7 Protocols

A

HTTP
FTP
SMTP
IMAP

Proxies and firewalls work here

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63
Q

Name some Layer 6 Protocols

A 
Encryption
Compression
Character Sets
Multimedia 
MIME
Codecs

Proxies and firewalls work here

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64
Q

Name some Layer 5 Protocols

A

TCP
UDP
Port numbers exist at this layer
Firewalls work here

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65
Q

Name some Layer 4 Protocols

A

TCP
UDP

Packet filtering routers, multilayer switches and firewalls work here

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66
Q

Name some Layer 3 Protocols

A

ICMP
IGMP

Routers, multilayer switches and firewalls work here

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67
Q

Name some Layer 2 Activiities

A 
All WAN and LAN protocols exist here
Ethernet
Token Ring
Frame Relay
PPP
HDLC
Wireless Access Protocols
ATM
X.25

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68
Q

Firewalls work at which layers

A

3-7

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69
Q

Application Proxies work at which layers

A

6-7

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70
Q

Routers and multilayer switches work at which layers

A

3-4

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71
Q

Switches work at which primary layer

A

2

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72
Q

HTTP

A

HTTP means HyperText Transfer Protocol. HTTP is the underlying protocol used by the World Wide Web and this protocol defines how messages are formatted and transmitted, and what actions Web servers and browsers should take in response to various commands.

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73
Q

FTP

A

File Transfer Protocol (FTP) is the commonly used protocol for exchanging files over the Internet. FTP uses the Internet’s TCP/IP protocols to enable data transfer. FTP uses a client-server architecture, often secured with SSL/TLS. FTP promotes sharing of files via remote computers with reliable and efficient data transfer

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74
Q

SMTP

A

Short for Simple Mail Transfer Protocol, a protocol for sending e-mail messages between servers. Most e-mail systems that send mail over the Internet use SMTP to send messages from one server to another; the messages can then be retrieved with an e-mail client using either POP or IMAP. In addition, SMTP is generally used to send messages from a mail client to a mail server. This is why you need to specify both the POP or IMAP server and the SMTP server when you configure your e-mail application.

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75
Q

IMAP

A

Short for Internet Message Access Protocol, a protocol for retrieving e-mail messages. The latest version, IMAP4, is similar to POP3 but supports some additional features. For example, with IMAP4, you can search through your e-mail messages for keywords while the messages are still on mail server. You can then choose which messages to download to your machine.

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76
Q

MIME

A

Short for Multipurpose Internet Mail Extensions, a specification for formatting non-ASCII messages so that they can be sent over the Internet. Many e-mail clients now support MIME, which enables them to send and receive graphics, audio, and video files via the Internet mail system. In addition, MIME supports messages in character sets other than ASCII.

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77
Q

ICMP

A

Internet Control Message Protocol. It is an extension to the Internet Protocol (IP) defined by RFC 792. ICMP supports packets containing error, control, and informational messages. It is an error reporting protocol and is used by routers, hosts and network devices to generate error messages when there are problems delivering IP packets.

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78
Q

IGMP

A

Internet Group Management Protocol is defined in RFC 1112 as the standard for IP multicastingin the Internet.
It’s used to establish host memberships in particular multicast groups on a single network. The mechanisms of the protocol allow a host to inform its local router, using Host Membership Reports, that it wants to receive messages addressed to a specific multicast group.

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79
Q

MAC

A

There are three common technology definitions for MAC:

(1) Short for Media Access Control. See MAC address or MAC layer.
(2) When spelled Mac, the brand name and registered trademark for a line of computers from Apple Inc. See under Macintosh computer.

80
Q

DLCI

A

Data link connection identifier (DLCI) is a number of a private or switched virtual circuit in a Frame Relay network that tells the Frame Relay how to route the data. The DLCI field identifies which logical circuit the data travels over.

81
Q

PPP

A

Point-to-Point Protocol, a method of connecting a computer to the Internet. PPP is more stable than the older SLIP protocol and provides error checking features. Working in the data link layer of the OSI model, PPP sends the computer’s TCP/IP packets to a serverthat puts them onto the Internet.

82
Q

Ethernet

A

A local-area network (LAN) architecture developed by Xerox Corporation in cooperation with DEC and Intel in 1976. Ethernet uses a bus or star topology and supports data transfer rates of 10 Mbps. The Ethernet specification served as the basis for the IEEE 802.3 standard, which specifies the physical and lower software layers. Ethernet uses the CSMA/CD access method to handle simultaneous demands. It is one of the most widely implemented LAN standards.

83
Q

HDLC

A

High-level Data Link Control, a transmission protocol used at the data link layer (layer 2) of the OSI seven layer model for data communications. The HDLC protocol embeds information in a data frame that allows devices to control data flow and correct errors. HDLC is an ISO standard developed from the Synchronous Data Link Control (SDLC)standard proposed by IBM in the 1970’s.

84
Q

ATM

A

Asynchronous Transfer Mode, a network technology based on transferring data in cells or packets of a fixed size. The cell used with ATM is relatively small compared to units used with older technologies. The small, constant cell size allows ATM equipment to transmit video, audio, and computer data over the same network, and assure that no single type of data hogs the line.

85
Q

x.25

A

X.25 is the name of a popular standard for packet-switching networks. The X.25 standard was approved by the CCITT (now the ITU) in 1976. It defines layers 1, 2, and 3 in the OSI Reference Model.

86
Q

What is data encapsulation

A

process of adding delivery information to the actual data at each layer

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87
Q

Encapsulation takes place as data is passed down or up

A

down

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88
Q

What is de capsulation

A

removing additional delivery information as data is moved up

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89
Q

What is a data packet

A

a unit of data transfer between devices that communicate over a network

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90
Q

What are the parts of a packet

A

header
data
trailer

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91
Q

Which part of the packet contain source and destination addresses

A

header

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92
Q

Which part of a packet does error checking

A

trailer

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93
Q

Name the PDU types from Layer 1-7

A 
1 Packet
2 Frame 
3 Packet
4 Segment / Datagram
5 Message 
6 Message
7 Message

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94
Q

At which layer does encryption, compressions, character sets, multimedia, MIME, codecs take place

A

Layer 6

95
Q

What is a networking standard

A

specification and guidelines applied to network components to ensure consistency and interoperability

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96
Q

What are the organizations responsible for establishing standards

A 
ISO
IEEE
ANSI
TIA / EIA
ARIN
ICANN
ISoc
IETF

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97
Q

Network back bones can take the form of

A

Bus
Cloud
Mesh

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98
Q

Serial backbone

A

multiple switches connected by one backbone cable

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99
Q

Distributed Backbone

A

multiple switches connected serial to hubs or routers. These are easily expanded without a significant cost impact. Allows segregation of workgroups; simplifies management

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100
Q

Collapsed Backbone

A

Uses router or switch as the nexus of several subnetworks. Router and switch can be a SPOF. Data speeds can be slow.

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101
Q

Parallel Backbone

A

Suits enterprise wide applications. Uses central router or switch like the parallel backbone but augments them with multiple cable connections to ensure connectivity.

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102
Q

Name some types of servers

A

Printer
Storage
File
Mail

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103
Q

Are servers for general purposes or specific purposes

A

They can do either

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104
Q

Purpose of Network adapters

A

Hardware that translates data between the network and device

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105
Q

Why would a server reject a connection request

A

It does not provide that service

Security settings require it to reject the connection

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106
Q

Name some operating systems

A 
Windows
OS X
Linux
Android
iOS

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107
Q

Which protocol is ubiquitous to personal computers

A

TCP/IP

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108
Q

Peer Computing is used on which network

A

Small networks with no centralized ser

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109
Q

Which standard describes Ethernet

A

802.3

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110
Q

802.3 describes what

A

Ethernet

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111
Q

Name some of the Standard organizations

A

ISO

IEEE

ANSI

TIA EIA

ARIN

ICANN

ISoc

IETF

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112
Q

TOPIC C

A

TOPIC C

113
Q

What is a LAN

A

Self contained network that spans a small area (building, floor, room)

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114
Q

Do LANs require leased lines

A

NO

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115
Q

Most common type of LAN is

A

Ethernet

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116
Q

What are the different LAN technologies

A

Ethernet
Token Ring
Token Bus
FDDI

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117
Q

WLAN

A

Wireless LAN

118
Q

Role of LAN administration

A

Maintaining devices and cabling

Maintaining network software

Performing installation deployment and upgrades …fix actions

Maintain a broad range of skill and knowledge about apps and hardware

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119
Q

WAN

A

Network that spans a large area often across multiple geographic locations

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120
Q

WANs typically connect

A

multiple LANs

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121
Q

GAN

A

WAN that includes sites around the world

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122
Q

Are WANs public or private

A

they can be either

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123
Q

What are the types of networks

A 
LAN
WAN
GAN
MAN
CAN
PAN

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124
Q

Every internet node is identifiable by what

A

IP address

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125
Q

Intranet

A

a private network that used to share a companies info with employees

Connected to the Internet

Contains information that is segregated from the Internet for confidentiality and security reasons

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126
Q

Extranet

A

Private network that grants controlled access to users outside of the organization (vendors contractors suppliers)

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127
Q

Enterprise Network

A

Includes use of LANs and WANs

Expensive

Strong security

Mission Critiical Apps

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128
Q

`Pg 27

A
129
Q

ICS

A

Industrial Control System

Supports Municipal services and Industrial Processes

Verified

130
Q

What uses ICS systems

A

Waste water plants
Power plants
Oil Natural Gas and Chemical plants

Verified

131
Q

What are the types of ICS systems

A

SCADA and DCS systems

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132
Q

SCADA

A

Supervisory Control Data Acquisition

use for sites at great distances from one another

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133
Q

DCSs

A

Distributed Control Systems

used n process-based industries such as electril power generation

Uses PLCs programmable logic controllers

Used for systems in close proximity to one another

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134
Q

Connects ICS or SCADA system to physical objects

A

Remote Terminal Unit

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135
Q

Medianet

A

Network optimized for rich media such as voice and video

Used for things like VTCs

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136
Q

Topic D

A

Topic D

137
Q

Name the network configurations

A

Centralized
Client Server
Peer to peer

Verified

138
Q

What is a mixed mode configuration

A

combination of networks

Verified

139
Q

Data Transmission

A

Exchange of data among different computers or other electronic devices through a network

Verified

140
Q

Telephony

A

Transmission of voice

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141
Q

Characteristics of an analog signal

A 
Amplitude
Cycle
Frequency
Phase
Wavelength

Verified

142
Q

Digital Signals rely on what

A

State of the voltage

Verified

143
Q

Purpose of On-off keying or Manchester encoding

A

converts data into a digital waveform

Verified

144
Q

Unicast

A

Data transfer from a source address to a destination address

Some Unicast apps: HTTP, SMTP, FTP

Verified

145
Q

What is the predominate form of data transmission

A

Unicast

Verified

146
Q

Unicast is sometimes called what

A

Point to point

Verified

147
Q

Name some protocols that use Unicast

A

HTTP
SMTP
FTP

Verified

148
Q

Broadcast

A

transmission method in which data is sent from a source node to all other nodes on the network.

Verified

149
Q

Which transmission method does many network services use

A

Broadcast

Verified

150
Q

Multicast

A

Transmission method in which data is sent from a server to a specific node that are predefined in a multicast group.

Verified

151
Q

Does every node listen to multicast

A

No – Non members of the multicast group do not listen to the transmission

Communications with nodes outside the group must be done via unicast or broadcast

Verified

152
Q

A video server transmitting television signals uses which transmission

A

multicast

Verified

153
Q

Anycast

A

transmission method in which data is sent from a server to the nearest nod within a group

Verified

154
Q

Do network nodes not in the group listen to an Anycast transmission

A

No

Verified

155
Q

Serial Data Transmission

A

Transmission of bits one per clock cycle

Verified

156
Q

Name some devices that use serial transmission

A

Keyboards
mice
modems

Verified

157
Q

Asynchronous Communications

A

Sender inserts start and stop bit patterns between each byte of data

Verified

158
Q

Synchronous Communications

A

a byte is sent after a standardized time interval

Verified

159
Q

Asynchronous communications must negotiate what

A

speed

Verified

160
Q

Synchronous communications utilize the clock speed of the sender or receiver

A

True

Verified

161
Q

Parallel Data Transmissions

A

Transmission of multiple bits takes place by using multiple transmission lines

Verified

162
Q

Parallel Data Transmission

A

transmission of multiple bits takes place by using multiple transmission lines

Verified

163
Q

Which network components use parallel communications

A

printers and scanners

Verified

164
Q

Baseband Transmissions

A

digital signals sent via DC pulses over a single unmultiplexed signal channel

Cannot send and receive simultaneously

Verified

165
Q

Broadband Transmission

A

Uses single medium to carry multiple channels of data through the use of modulations. Using different frequencies on the same cable

Cable access via cable modem

Verified

166
Q

DOCSIS

A

Data Over Cable Service Interface Specification

using standard cable to provide high speed data communications

Verified

167
Q

Bit Rate

A

Measure of the number of bits that are transmitted per unit of time

Measured in bits per seconds

Verified

168
Q

Baud Rate

A

Measures the number of symbols that are transmitted per unit of time

Baud rate should be less than the bit rate

Verified

169
Q

Media access method

A

whether or not a particular node can transmit data on the network at a given time

Verified

170
Q

Media access categories

A

contention based controlled

Verified

171
Q

Contention based

A

Nodes themselves negotiate for media access time

Verified

172
Q

Controlled based

A

Central device or system controls when and for how long each node can transmit

Verified

173
Q

Benefits of controlled based

A

Ensures that a single node cannot saturate the media

All nodes get a chance to transmit data

Drawback is that this costs more

Verified

174
Q

Contention based benefits

A

Simple to set up

Drawback is that every node may not be able to access the media

Verified

175
Q

Polling

A

Controlled access method which a central device contacts each node to check whether it has data to transmit

Verified

176
Q

Demand Priority

A

Polling technique in which nodes signal their state –either ready to transmit or idle to an intelligent hub

Safeguards prevent nodes from assigning every transmission request as a high priority

Verified

177
Q

CSMA/CA

A

Carrier Sense Multiple Access/Collision Avoidance

Contentoion based

802.11 bsed wireless LANs

Nodes can transmit whenever they have data to send

See Steps pg 57

Verified

178
Q

CSMA/CA Steps

A

Data to transmit

Check Network

RTS signal sent

Wait

Transmit

Monitor for RTS signal

Verified

179
Q

CSMA/CD

A

Carrier Sense Mulitple Access/Collision Detection

Contention-based method for Ethernet LANs

Nodes can transmit whenever they have data to send

Verified

180
Q

CSMA/CD Steps

A

Data to transmit

Check network

Transmit

Collision

Wait

Retransmit

Verified

181
Q

Multiplexing

A

Controlled media access method in which a central device combines signals from multiple nodes and transmits the combined signal across a medium

Verified

182
Q

Types of multiplexing

A

Time Division

Frequency Division

Verified

183
Q

Where is multiplexed data sent

A

Application layer

Verified

184
Q

Time Division Multiplexing

A

Communication channel is divided into discrete time slots

Verified

185
Q

Frequency Division Multiplexing

A

data from multiple nodes is sent over multiple frequencies or channels using a network medium

Verified

186
Q

Types of multiplexing

A

Simplex - one-way transmission of information

Half Duplex - two-way transmission but only one direction at a time

Full Duplex - simultaneous two-way communication

Verified

187
Q

Network backbones can be

A

Bus

Cloud

Mesh

Verified

188
Q

What comprises a network backbone

A

One or more core level switches or several switches connected together by trunk links

Verified

189
Q

Describe a serial backbone

A

Several switches connected together by one backbone cable

Verified

190
Q

Describe a hierarchial or Disributed backbone

A

Several switches connected together serial to hubs or routers

Verified

191
Q

Which network backbone can be expanded easily without much cost

A

Hierarchical or Distributed backbone

Verified

192
Q

Which network backbone can be easily segregated by geography or function

A

Hierarchical or Distributed

Verified

193
Q

Which network backbone uses routers or switches as te nexus for the network

A

Collapsed backbone

Verified

194
Q

Described the parrel backbone

A

Similar to the collapsed backbone but uses several connections to the core level device

Verified

195
Q

What can a server be

A

A computer or a process running on a computer that listens for incoming connection requests

Verified

196
Q

What is a client

A

A computer or a process running on a computer that initiates a connection request to a server

Network + (13 decks)

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