Lesson 1 to Lesson 2a

Question 1

a commensal in the rumen but can cause hepatic abscesses if transferred to the liver of feedlot cattle

Answer 1

Fusobacterium necrophorum

Question 2

relative capacity of a pathogen to damage a host

Answer 2

virulence

Question 3

commensals living in skin or mucous membranes take advantage of impaired antimicrobial defenses of the hosts and behave as opportunistic pathogens

Answer 3

endogenous infections

Question 4

main portals of entry of pathogens

Answer 4

mucosae of GI, respiratory, and urogenital tracts

Question 5

often resistant to phagocytosis

Answer 5

encapsulated bacteria

Question 6

binding of complement and antibody to the bacterial surface

Answer 6

opsonization

Question 7

capsule of Bacillus anthracis

Answer 7

polyglutamic acid

Question 8

produced and secreted by viable bacteria

Answer 8

exotoxins

Question 9

integral constituents of the bacterial cell wall not released until the microorganms are lysed

Answer 9

endotoxins

Question 10

where does toxicity reside in a gram negtive bacteria?

Answer 10

Lipid A portion (hydrophobic glycolipid)

Question 11

bacteria with A-B subunit structure

Answer 11

tetanus toxin, botulinum toxin

Question 12

detects conserved molecular patterns unique to microorganisms not expressed by the hosts

Answer 12

Pattern recognition receptors

Question 13

Mammals possess a family of transmembrane PRR called as?

Answer 13

Toll-like receptors

Question 14

microbial patterns which recognize LPS, lipoteichoic acid, DNA from bacteria, glucans from fungi

Answer 14

Pathogen-associated molecular patterns

Question 15

it detect molecular signatures of microbial pathogens and orchestrate the innate immune response to help initiate adaptive immune response

Answer 15

TLRs

Question 16

host wherein pathogens are sequestered in a specific organ such as gall bladder or lymph nodes and not exreted in the feces

Answer 16

latent carrier

Question 17

pathogen is shed in the feces

Answer 17

active carrier

Question 18

adhere to epithelial cells of small intestines in newborn animals which are not invase but induce diarrhoea

Answer 18

ETEC

Question 19

secretes a number of toxins that degrade the epithelial barrier and allow the opportunistic pathogen to enter the subepithelial tissues

Answer 19

Pseudomonas aeruginosa

Question 20

Samples of invasive pathogens using paracellular route to breach epithelial barrier

Answer 20

enteropathogenic E. coli, Listeria monocytogenes, Helicobacter pylori, some Clostridium species and some Salmonella serovars

Question 21

induced by specific ligand receptor interactions at the cell membrane

Answer 21

zipper mechanism

Question 22

induced by effector molecules delivered into the cell by a type III secretory system

Answer 22

trigger mechanism

Question 23

ihuioijj

Answer 23

hugy

Question 24

bacteria present in bloodstream without replication

Answer 24

bacteremia

Question 25

pathogens present in bloodstream that multiply and produce systemic diseases

Answer 25

septicemia

Question 26

give a pathogen that cause cattle to produce different foorms of diseases

Answer 26

Salmonella dublin

Question 27

produce clinical effects of less intensity

Answer 27

subacute infections

Question 28

occur when the host fails to eliminate the pathogen

Answer 28

chronic infection

Question 29

pathogen persistence occur mostly in what sites

Answer 29

uriniferous tubules and CNS

Question 30

causes suppurative lesion

Answer 30

pyogenic

Question 31

Staphylococcal diseases of importance in domestic animals

Answer 31

mastitis, tick pyaemia, exudative epidermitis, botryomycosis and pyoderma

Question 32

virulence factor of S. aereus that result to tissue necrosis

Answer 32

alpha toxin

Question 33

a vector for the rickettsial agent of tick-borne fever

Answer 33

Ixodes ricinus

Question 34

occurs worldwide in sucklers and weaned pigs up to 3 months of age

Answer 34

greasy pig disease

Question 35

chronic, suppurative granulomatous condition, occurs within a few weeks of castration in the horse due to infection of the stump of the spermatic cord

Answer 35

botryomycosis

Question 36

common cause of nosocomial infection in vet hospitals

Answer 36

methicillin-resistant straphylococcal infection in animals

Question 37

produce double hemolysis

Answer 37

S. aereus and S. pseudointermedius

Question 38

color of colonies of bovine and human strains of S. aereus

Answer 38

golden yellow

Question 39

has a role in shielding the organism from phagocytic cells

Answer 39

coagulase

Question 40

promote tissue invasion

Answer 40

kinases, hyaluronidase

Question 41

lyse host cell membranes

Answer 41

haemolysins and leukocidin

Question 42

sample source for dx of Staphylococci infection

Answer 42

lesions, exudates, mastitis milk

Question 43

demonstration of bacteria of staphylococci

Answer 43

gram staining, culture on blood agar, selective blood agar, macconkey agar

Question 44

carry S. aureus on their skin and nasal mucosa and infection occurs through minor skin trauma including tick bites

Answer 44

Lambs

Question 45

cause immunosuppression in lambs and may predispose to staphylococcal infectio

Answer 45

Anaplasma phagocytophilum

Question 46

solated from the vaginal mucosa and skin of healthy sows

Answer 46

S. hyicus

Question 47

treatment of greasy pig disease

Answer 47

antibacterial therapy