Lesson 1: Self from the Perspective of Philosophy

Question 1

Emphasized the importance of self-reflection
and critical thinking in the pursuit of truth and
wisdom.

Answer 1

“An unexamined life
is not worth living”

Question 2

Considered the father of Western philosophy

Answer 2

Socrates

Question 3

He encouraged individuals to question their beliefs, values, and assumptions; challenging them to seek knowledge and self-understanding through dialogue and inquiry (___________)

Answer 3

Goal of Socrates and socratic method

Question 4

For ________ the goal of philosophy is to ‘know thyself’

Answer 4

Socrates

Question 5

He believed that the self is composed of two parts: ‘rational soul and the irrational appetites’

Answer 5

Plato

Question 6

“The self is an immortal soul”

Answer 6

Plato

Question 7

Pursuit of truth and virtue

Answer 7

Rational soul

Question 8

Lead to ignorance and moral corruption

Answer 8

Irrational appetites

Question 9

He believed the soul exists before birth and after death.

Answer 9

Plato

Question 10

He said “We should care about our soul rather than our body”

Answer 10

Plato

Question 11

The soul (mind) itself is divided into 3 parts: ?

Answer 11

Reason, appetites, and will

Question 12

The source of love, anger, indignation, ambition, aggression, etc

Answer 12

Will - A part of the soul (mind)

Question 13

Dualistic perspective of Plato

Answer 13

Immaterial mind (soul) and material body

Question 14

Locus of true knowledge

Answer 14

Immaterial mind (soul)

Question 15

The ‘mind’ and the ‘body’ are ________ and ________ ?

Answer 15

Mentally independent and serve their own function

Question 16

“The soul is the essence of the self”

Answer 16

Aristotle

Question 17

Emphasizes his belief that the soul is not a separate entity but the fundamental principle that defines a living being.

Answer 17

“The soul is the essence of the self”

Question 18

He believed that self is a harmonious integration of various faculties, reason, emotion, and perception

Answer 18

Aristotle

Question 19

He advocated for eudaimonia, or
flourishing

Answer 19

Aristotle

Question 20

He defined the ‘soul’ as the “essence of a living
being” but argued its having a separate existence.

Answer 20

Aristotle

Question 21

He said “The ‘soul is an activity of the body, it cannot be immortal’ “

Answer 21

Aristotle

Question 22

For __________, “humans have bodies for rational activity” and the potential for rational activity thus constituted the essence of a human soul

Answer 22

Aristotle

Question 23

“The soul is superior to the body”

Answer 23

St. Augustine

Question 24

___________ has two cities “________” and “________”

Answer 24

St. Augustine; “City of God and City of Man”

Question 25

"__________" - our body/the material world; our body that cries, gets horny, has bad behavior, and more.

Answer 25

City of Man

Question 26

He integrated "Christian theology" with "philosophical inquiry to explore the nature of self."

Answer 26

St. Augustine

Question 27

He viewed the 'self' as 'flawed' due to original sin, a consequence of Adam and Eve’s disobedience, but capable of 'redemption' through 'divine grace.'

Answer 27

St. Augustine

Question 28

He acknowledged the 'struggle' between 'earthly desires' and 'spiritual fulfillment' and emphasized the ongoing battle between the flesh and the spirit

Answer 28

St. Augustine

Question 29

“I think, therefore I am (Cogito, ergo sum”

Answer 29

Rene Descartes

Question 30

__________ said "This means that as long as you are thinking, you know you exist"

Answer 30

Rene Descartes

Question 31

Although the mind and the body are physically together as a whole, the 'mind' and the 'body' are "mentally independent and serve their own function

Answer 31

Rene Descartes

Question 32

The only thing you can rely on, the surest thing you know is true... is 'you who thinks and doubts'.

Answer 32

Rene Descartes

Question 33

__________ - 'You know nothing'

Answer 33

Socrates

Question 34

Find your missing piece (soul)

Answer 34

Plato

Question 35

Eudaimonia (through true happiness and virtues person)

Answer 35

Aristotle

Question 36

City of God, City of Man—Balance

Answer 36

St. Augustine