Lesson 1 Plant and Animal Reproduction

Question 1

Production of offspring.

Answer 1

Reproduction

Question 2

-Use of sex cell or gametes.
-Genetic variability.
-Relatively slower.

Answer 2

Sexual Reproduction

Question 3

-Does not make use of sex cell or gametes.
-Parents similar with offspring.
-Relatively fast.

Answer 3

Asexual Reproduction

Question 4

A type of asexual reproduction involving the division of the body into two or more equal parts. Usually in single celled organisms.

Answer 4

Binary Fission

Question 5

A type of asexual reproduction where a new individual arises as an outgrowth (bud) from its parent, develops organs like those of the parent and detaches itself.

Answer 5

Budding

Question 6

A type of asexual reproduction where body breaks into two or more parts with each fragment capable of becoming complete individual. It follows regeneration where the missing parts are produced.

Answer 6

Fragmentation

Question 7

-Produces sperm cells.
-Regulated by hormones.
-Varies from species to species.

Answer 7

Male Reproductive Organ

Question 8

Male reproductive organs.

Answer 8

Testes

Question 9

Produce sperm. Regulated by hormones GnRH, FSH, LH.

Answer 9

Seminiferous Tubules

Question 10

Secretion of estrogen and progesterone.

Answer 10

Ovaries

Question 11

Development of ovarian follicles.

Answer 11

Oogenesis

Question 12

Area where fertilization occurs.

Answer 12

Fallopian Tubes or Oviducts

Question 13

-Endometrium
-Myometrium

Answer 13

Uterus (Womb)

Question 14

-Produces egg cells.
-Regulated by hormones.
-Ovarian and uterine cycle.

Answer 14

Female Reproductive Organ

Question 15

Production of gametes via meiosis.

Answer 15

Gametogenesis

Question 16

-Results in a unicellular diploid zygote.
-Meiosis II of egg cell proceeds.

Answer 16

Fertilization

Question 17

Process where the blastocyst implants itself in the endometrium; this signals the start of pregnancy.

Answer 17

Implantation

Question 18

Formation of germ layers (Ecto, Endo, Meso).

Answer 18

Gastrulation

Question 19

Carrying of the embryo inside the female reproductive tract, specifically the uterus; can last up to 9 months in humans.

Answer 19

Gestation

Question 20

-Formation 4 membranes that supports, protects and nourish the embryo (yolk sac, allantois, amnion and chorion)
-Development of placenta.
-Organ formation.

Answer 20

Embryonic Stage

Question 21

Extends from the beginning of the ninth week after fertilization to about 38 weeks after fertilization.

Answer 21

Fetal Stage

Question 22

Releasing hormone (GnRH ) stimulates the releasing of 2 hormones:
1. Luteinizing Hormone
2. Follicle Stimulating Hormone

Answer 22

Gonadotropin

Question 23

The Pituitary Gland secretes 2 gonadotropic hormones:

Answer 23

1. Follicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH)
2. Luteinizing Hormone (LH)

Question 24

Male: Causes the testes to produce sperm.
Female: Causes the growth of an ovarian follicle and it causes the follicle cells to secrete estrogen.

Answer 24

Follicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH)

Question 25

Male: Causes the testes to secrete testosterone. Female: Causes ovulation and it causes to secrete progesterone.

Answer 25

Luteinizing Hormone (LH)

Question 26

-A monthly occurrence in female and it has an average span of 28 days. -Process that prepares woman for pregnancy.

Answer 26

Menstrual Cycle

Question 27

4 Phases of Menstrual Cycle

Answer 27

1. Menstrual Phase 2. Follicular phase 3. Ovulation Phase 4. Luteal Phase

Question 28

Part of the menstrual cycle of the uterus; also known as the “period”; corresponds to the early part of the follicular phase of the ovaries (days 1-5) when endometrium degenerates and sloughs off, producing the menstrual discharge.

Answer 28

Menstrual Phase (Day 1-5)

Question 29

-Part of the menstrual cycle of the ovary in humans where the follicles begin to mature. -Lining of the uterus becomes thin after bleeding.

Answer 29

Follicular Phase

Question 30

When a mature egg is released from an ovary and moves along a fallopian tubes towards the uterus.

Answer 30

Ovulation Phase (Day 14)

Question 31

-Part of the menstrual cycle of the ovary after the oocytes are released from the follicles. -The remains of the follicle become the corpus luteum, which then secretes progesterone. -It stimulates the uterus to undergo final maturational changes that prepare it for gestation to house and nourish an embryo.

Answer 31

Luteal Phase (Day 15-28)

Question 32

Process that blocks any one of the following stages of reproduction in humans: 1. Release and transport of gametes; 2. Fertilization; 3. Implantation; 4. Actual completion of development of the embryo/ fetus.

Answer 32

Contraception

Question 33

Type of contraceptive that prevents the oocyte to mature.

Answer 33

Oral Contraceptives

Question 34

Type of barrier method that is inserted on the male penis to prevent release of sperm into the female reproductive tract.

Answer 34

Condom

Question 35

Type of surgical method for men; entails cutting the vas deferens.

Answer 35

Vasectomy

Question 36

Type of surgical method for women; entails cutting the fallopian tube.

Answer 36

Tubal Ligation

Question 37

Type of implantation-suppressing method that physically blocks the blastocyst form implanting into the endometrium.

Answer 37

Intrauterine Device (IUD)

Question 38

Type of implantation-suppressing method that blocks the action of hormones that prepare the uterus to receive the embryo.

Answer 38

Morning-After Pill

Question 39

Type of contraception where the man and the woman do not engage in sexual intercourse.

Answer 39

Abstinence

Question 40

Type of contraception that requires the man to remove the penis before ejaculation.

Answer 40

Coitus Interruptus