Lesson 1 (Philosophy) Flashcards
Plato’s allegory of the cave (definition)
- trapped in cave, see shadows of something fabricated, ignorant to world outside
> PERCEPTION can be limited by what we SEE
Descartes evil demon
Bro thought we had a demon deceiving us about everything (nothing is real)
> SKEPTICISM
Brain in a Vat
> (Modern) SKEPTICISM
we exist in a vat, and all our experiences are artificially generated (simulation)
The Matrix
> SKEPTICISM
Self explanatory- simulation controlled by machines
What are the three main theories of skepticism
> Evil demon
Brain in a vat
Matrix
What are the three reactions to skepticism
> Metaphysics/Ontology (Theory of Reality)
Epistemology (Theory of Knowlege)
Philosophy of Mind/Perception
What are the 4 subsets of Metaphysics/Ontology (Theory of reality)
> Realism vs. Non-realism
Dualism vs. Monism
Materialism vs. Idealism
Nature of reality
Realism vs. Non realism
REALISM: Reality exists independent from our perception
NON-REALISM: Reality is shaped by our perception
Dualism vs. Monism
DUALISM: Mind & Body are separate
MONISM: Its all one substance
Materialism vs. idealism
MATERIALISM: Reality is physical matter
IDEALISM: Reality is conciousness
Rationalism (a priori) vs. Empiricism (a posteriori)
RATIONALISM: Knowledge comes from reason and innate ideas
EMPIRICISM: Knowledge sensory experience
Components of idealism
> Berkeleys’s view
Evil demon (descartes)
Solipsism
Naive realism
> World exists exactly as we sense it
Representational (indirect realism)
Perceive the world through mental representations (senses create indirect experience of reality)
Solipsism
Your mind exists for sure, can’t confirm the external world or other minds.
How does this class focus on perception in terms of philosophical stances?
Realism, materialism
Empiricism
Representational realism
