Lesson 1: NATURE OF INQUIRY AND RESEARCH Flashcards

1
Q

Exploratorium (1998) defined _______as the science, art, and spirit of imagination.

A

inquiry

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2
Q

systematic, formal, rigorous, and precise process employed to gain solutions to
problems or to discover and interpret new facts and relationships (Waltz and Bansell, 1981)

A

Research

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3
Q

a systematic, controlled, empirical and critical investigation of hypothetical propositions
about the presumed relations among natural phenomena (Kerlinger, 1873).

A

Research

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4
Q

pursuit of trust with the help of study, observation, comparison, and experiment,
searching for knowledge through an objective and systematic method of finding solutions to a
problem (Kothari, 2006)

A

Research

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5
Q

process of steps used to collect and analyze information to increase our understanding
of a topic or issue”. It consists of three steps: Pose a question, collect data to answer the question,
and present an answer (Creswell, 2012).

A

Research

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6
Q

learn more
There is always more to learn
about a topic, even if you are already well-versed in it. Research allows you to build on any personal
experience you have with the subject. The process of research opens up new opportunities for
learning and growth

A

Research expands your knowledge base

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7
Q

Research encourages you to find the most recent information available. In certain fields, especially
scientific ones, there is always new information and discoveries being made. Staying updated
prevents you from falling behind and giving info that’s inaccurate or does not paint the whole picture.

A

Research gives you the latest information

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8
Q

In business, you will have competition. Researching your competitors and what they are up to helps
you formulate your plans and strategies. You can figure out what sets you apart. In other types of
research, like medicine, your research might identify diseases, classify symptoms, and develop ways
to tackle them (Huberty, 2020)

A

Research helps you know what you are up against

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9
Q

People will take what you have to say more seriously when they can tell you are informed. Doing research gives you a solid foundation on which you can build your ideas and opinions.

A

Research builds your credibility

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10
Q

When you are circling a topic for the first time, you might not be exactly sure where to start. Most of the time, the amount of work ahead of you is overwhelming. Research helps you identify the most unique and/or important themes. You can choose the themes that fit best with the project and its goals (Huberty, 2020).

A

Research helps you narrow your scope

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11
Q

Doing a lot of research helps you sift through low-quality and high-quality information. The more
research you do on a topic, the better you will discern what is accurate and what is not. You will also get better at discerning the gray areas where information may be technically correct but used to draw questionable conclusions (Huberty, 2020).

A

Research teaches you better discernment

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12
Q

You may already have opinions and ideas about a topic when you start researching. The more you
research, the more viewpoints you will come across. This encourages you to entertain new ideas and
perhaps take a closer look at yours.

A

Research introduces you to new ideas

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13
Q

Whether it’s a personal or professional problem, it helps to look outside yourself for help. Depending
on what the issue is, your research can focus on what others have done before.

A

Research helps with problem-solving

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14
Q

Research is used to help raise awareness of climate change, racial discrimination, gender inequality, and more.

A

Research helps you reach people

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15
Q

Having curiosity and a love of learning take you far in life. Research opens you up to different
opinions and new ideas. It also builds discerning and analytical skills. The research process rewards
curiosity. When you are committed to learning, you are always in a place of growth. Curiosity is also good for your health.

A

Research encourages curiosity

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16
Q

Research is based on direct experience or observation by the researcher.

A

Empirical

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17
Q

Research is based on valid procedures and principles.

A

Logical

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18
Q

Research is a cyclical process because it starts with a problem and ends with a problem.

A

Cyclical

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19
Q

Research utilizes proven analytical procedures in gathering the data, whether historical, descriptive, experimental, and case study.

A

Analytical

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20
Q

Research exhibits careful and precise judgment

A

Critical

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21
Q

Research is conducted in a methodical manner without bias using systematic methods and procedures.

A

Methodical

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22
Q

The research design and procedures are replicated or repeated to enable the researcher to arrive at valid and conclusive results.

A

Replicability

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23
Q

The process of research consists of six steps (Creswell, 2012):
1. Identifying a research problem
2. Reviewing the literature
3. Specifying a purpose for research
4. Collecting data
5. Analyzing and interpreting the data
6. Reporting and evaluating research

A

RESEARCH PROCESS

24
Q

Reporting and evaluating research
Identifying a research problem
Reviewing the literature
Specifying a purpose for research
Collecting data
Analyzing and interpreting data

A

research cycle

25
Q

Three core principles, originally articulated in The ________, form the universally accepted
basis for research ethics.

A

Belmont Report
Respect for persons, beneficence, and justice (fairness)

26
Q

Purpose, quali

A

To understand & interpret social interactions

27
Q

Purpose, quanti

A

To test hypotheses, look at cause & effect, & make predictions.

28
Q

Sample, li

A

Small and narrow
Not statistically projectable

29
Q

sample, ti

A

Large and broad
Usually statistically projectable

30
Q

Variables, li

A

Study of the whole, not variables

31
Q

variables, ti

A

Specific variables studied.

32
Q

Form of Data Collected, li

A

Qualitative data such as open-ended responses, interviews, participant observations, field notes, & reflections.

33
Q

Form of Data Collected, ti

A

Quantitative data is based on precise measurements using structured & validated datacollection instruments

34
Q

Type of Data Analysis, li

A

identify patterns, features, and themes

35
Q

Type of Data Analysis, ti

A

Identify statistical relationships.

36
Q

Objectivity and Subjectivity, li

A

Subjectivity is expected

37
Q

Objectivity and Subjectivity, ti

A

Objectivity is critical

38
Q

Role of Researcher, li

A

Researcher & his biases may
be known to participants in the
study, & participant
characteristics may be known
to the researcher.

39
Q

Role of Researcher, ti

A

Researcher & his biases are
not known to participants in the
study, & participant
characteristics are deliberately
hidden from the researcher
(double blind studies).

40
Q

Results, li

A

Particular or specialized
findings that is less
generalizable

41
Q

Results, ti

A

Particular or specialized
findings that is less
generalizable

42
Q

Scientific Method, li

A

Exploratory or bottom–up: the
researcher generates a new
hypothesis and theory from the
data collected

43
Q

Scientific Method, ti

A

Confirmatory or top-down: the
researcher tests the hypothesis
and theory with the data.

44
Q

View of Human Behavior, li

A

Dynamic, situational, social, &
personal.

45
Q

View of Human Behavior, ti

A

Regular & predictable

46
Q

Most Common Research
Objectives, li

A

Explore, discover, & construct.

47
Q

Most Common Research
Objectives, ti

A

Describe, explain, & predict.

48
Q

Focus, li

A

Wide-angle lens; examines the
breadth & depth of
phenomena

49
Q

Focus, ti

A

Narrow-angle lens; tests a
specific hypothesis

50
Q

Nature of Observation, li

A

Study behavior in a natural
environment.

51
Q

Nature of Observation, ti

A

Study behavior under
controlled conditions; isolate
causal effects

52
Q

Nature of Reality, li

A

Multiple realities; subjective

53
Q

Nature of Reality, ti

A

Single reality; objective

54
Q

Final Report, li

A

Narrative report with contextual
description & direct quotations
from research participants.

55
Q

Final Report, ti

A

Statistical report with
correlations, comparisons of
means, & statistical
significance of findings.

56
Q

kinds of research

A

Arts-Based Research
Research in Humanities
Sports Research
Science Research
Mathematics Research
Agriculture Research
Fisheries research
Information and Communication Technology (ICT) Research
Business Research
Social Science Research