Lesson 1 - MATTER Flashcards
HE STUDY THAT DEALS WITH THE STRUCTURE
COMPOSITIONS, REACTION OF MATTER AND THE CHANGES THAT IT UNDERGOES
CHEMISTRY
ANYTHING THAT OCCUPIES SPACE AND HAS MASS
MATTER
Differentiate Mass from Weight
Mass - amount of matter in an object
Weight - a measure of how the force of gravity acts upon that mass
rationale:
your body’s mass is a set value for both, but your weight is different on the Moon compared with on Earth
If you change your location with respect to gravity, mass will remain unchanged, but weight will not.
objective
Mass
subjective
Weight
3 KINETIC THEORY OF MATTER
ALL MATTER IS COMPOSED OF SMALL PARTICLES (ATOM)
THESE PARTICLES ARE IN CONSTANT MOTION
THESE PARTICLES ARE COLLIDING WITH EACH OTHER AND THE WALLS OF THEIR CONTAINE
CLASSIFICATION OF MATTER (BASED ON
PHYSICAL STATE): VOLUME
SOLID - DEFINITE (because they are solids?)
LIQUID - DEFINITE
(liquids follow the shape of their container)
ex. 2ml of liquid is still 2ml in a different container
GAS - INDEFINITE (cannot be measured in ml)
CLASSIFICATION OF MATTER (BASED ON
PHYSICAL STATE): SHAPE
SOLID - DEFINITE
LIQUID - INDEFINITE (their shapes are dynamic, they follow the shape of their container)
GAS - INDEFINITE
CLASSIFICATION OF MATTER (BASED ON
PHYSICAL STATE): MOLECULAR MOTION
SOLID - VIBRATION (compact molecules vibrate)
LIQUID - GLIDING (ex. waves)
GAS - WEAKEST
keyword: molecular motion; collisions of molecules
rationale: The intermolecular space between gaseous molecules is very large, thus, making their molecular motion the weakest
CLASSIFICATION OF MATTER (BASED ON
PHYSICAL STATE): TEMPERATURE
SOLID - LOWEST TEMPERATURE; molecules are together
LIQUID - LOWER TEMPERATURE; gas condenses
GAS - HIGH TEMPERATURE;
rationale: molecules are moving around faster and have less chance of sticking together
LOW PRESSURE; molecules are far apart from each other and won’t interact as much
GAS
HIGH KINETIC ENERGY (the are large spaces between molecules, thus, higher energy)
WEAK ATTRACTIVE FORCES
SUPER HEATED MATTER. ELECTRONS ARE RIPPED AWAY FROM THE ATOMS FORMING IONIZED GAS
PLASMA
ionized gas between cation and anion in a superheated condition
PLASMA
group of atoms cooled to within a hair of absolute zero.
Bose-Einstein condensate
Similarities of both
Collision of cations and anions
KINETIC MOLECULAR THEORY OF GASES
TOTAL VOLUME OF GAS IS NEGLIGIBLE COMPARED TO THE VOLUME OF SPACE
GAS PARTICLES DO NOT ATTRACT ONE ANOTHER BUT RATHER MOVE INDEPENDENTLY FROM EACH OTHER
PARTICLES EXHIBIT CONTINUOUS RANDOM MOVEMENT DUE TO THEIR KINETIC ENERGY.
GAS MOLECULES EXHIBIT PERFECT ELASTICITY
KEY OBSERVATIONS IN GASES
NTERMOLECULAR FORCES OF ATTRACTION IN GASES ARE VIRTUALLY NON EXISTENT AT
ROOM TEMPERATURE
MOLECULES IN THE GASEOUS STATE MOVE IN ALL DIRECTIONS, AT HIGH VELOCITIES UNTIL
COLLISIONS OCCUR
THEY EXERT PRESSURE AT FORCE PER UNIT AREA EXPRESSED IN ATMOSPHERE OR IN MMHG
WHEN A GAS IS COOLED, IT LOSES SOME OF ITS KINETIC ENERGY IN THE FORM OF HEAT, AND THE VELOCITY OF THE MOLECULES DECREASES
LIQUEFACTION OF GASES
VAN DER WAALS
INTERACTION FORCES
BECAUSE OF THESE, LIQUIDS ARE CONSIDERABLY DENSER THAN GASES AND OCCUPY A DEFINITE VOLUME.
SOLID STATES: 3 TYPES
CRYSTALLINE
AMORPHOUS
POLYMERIC
CRYSTALLINE (diamonds, sugar, table salt)
atoms vibrate in a fixed pattern
AMORPHOUS (powder like structure)
vibrate in random arrangements
TRUCTURAL UNITS OF CRYSTALLINE SOLIDS (ice, sodium chloride, etc)
ARRANGED IN FIXED GEOMETRIC PATTERN
-HAVE DEFINITE SHAPES AND AN
ORDERLY ARRANGED UNITS
CUBIC TETRAGONAL HEXAGONAL RHOMBIC MONOCLINIC TRIGONAL
SODIUM CHLORIDE UREA IODOFORM IODINE SUCROSE BORIC ACID
