LESSON 1: LAB

Question 1

● Shows breakdown of a group or total where the no. of categories is not too many
● Use the % for each category, thus the total always equal to 100%
● Apply different shades to each pie slice to differentiate the different groups

Answer 1

Pie chart

Question 2

Readily compares the percentages in each category by comparing the heights of the______
● Use percentages or rates when the total no. of observations for the groups are not uniform
● When % are used, the sum of the heights of all bars must equal to 100%
● For qualitative variables, categories may be arranged by:
- Magnitude of corresponding figures
- Natural ordering
- Example: Educational attainment, Birth order
It addresses the fact that pie charts can be hard to read precisely
It can also compare quantities that are not part of a whole

Answer 2

Bar Graph

Question 3

● Usually used for discrete quantitative variables
● Comparison between two regions

Answer 3

Vertical Bar Graph

Question 4

● Usually used for qualitative variables

Answer 4

HORIZONTAL BAR GRAPH

Question 5

● A bar divided into smaller rectangles representing the parts
● Similar to a pie chart
● Area of each smaller rectangle is proportional to the
relative contribution of the component to the whole
● Preferable over the pie chart in situations where the
compositions of two or more groups are to be compared
● Different shades or colors can be applied to the
components to emphasize differences between parts of
the whole
● Color coded, according to the percentage of the variables

Answer 5

COMPONENT BAR GRAPH

Question 6

● Graphical representation of the frequency distribution of a continuous variable
● Important characteristic - no space between bars
Vertical scale may show the absolute or relative frequencies
You can make a narrative presentation about it

Answer 6

Histogram

Question 7

Plot of dots ( representing values of the variable) joined with lines over some period of time in sequential series

Time series is shown along the horizontal axis while the variable values are shown along the vertical axis

Portray trends, i.e., changes in the variable with time

Data points would be the dots joined by lines

You can make a narrative/lineup/actual presentation from this graph
Easiest graph

Answer 7

LINE GRAPH

Question 8

● Similar to the histogram except that
- Frequencies are plotted against the
corresponding midpoints of the classes
- Can depict more than 1 one distribution
● A closed figure

Answer 8

FREQUENCY POLYGON

Question 9

● Show relationship between two quantitative variables
● Gives rough estimate of the degree of correlation between
the variables
● Needed data to construct
- actual values of each variables of all the subjects

Answer 9

Scatterplot

Question 10

● (otherwise known as a boxplot), is a graph summarizing a set of data. The shape of the boxplot shows how the data is distributed and it also shows any outliers. It is a useful way to compare different sets of data as you can draw more than one boxplot per graph. These can be displayed alongside a number line, horizontally or vertically.
● Not commonly used

Answer 10

A BOX AND WHISKER PLOT OR DIAGRAM