Lesson 1: Introduction to Utilities 2 Flashcards
INTRODUCTION
___________ have many challenging engineering problems to be solved.
New _____________ must be served.
______________ must be maintained
New ____________ must be assessed and adopted.
Utilities, customers, Old equipment, technologies
[Perform mechanical, electrical, and civil engineering work in design, construction, operation and maintenance of water systems, electrical power lines], and power plants, telecommunications facilities, gas pipelines, and light and heavy rail systems.
Engineering Utilities
Practicing the engineering disciplines that carry sustainability concept through building design construction, commissioning, operation and ultimately demolition, recycling, and resuse.
Engineering Utilities
Required to provide electric power to their customers at an acceptable voltage.
Electric Utilities
ELECTRIC UTILITIES
_____ voltages can harm electric appliances and cause potential safety hazards.
_____ voltages can cause electric appliances to function improperly and can cause electric motors to overheat.
High, Low
ELECTRIC UTILITIES
Other aspect of voltage that utilities must consider are frequency, flicker (slow oscillating voltage) transients (voltage spikes), & harmonics.
True or False?
Truth
ELECTRIC UTILITIES
________________________
• Is the decision and practice of using less energy.
• Turning off the light when you leave the room
• Unplugging appliances and aircon when not in use.
Energy conservation
ELECTRIC UTILITIES
When you limit your energy usage, you lower your impact on the environment.
True or false?
Truth
ELECTRIC UTILITIES - BENEFITS OF ENERGY CONSERVATIONS
Give 7 benefits of energy conservation
- Protect the environment.
- Reduce/lower electricity bill.
- Generate utility savings.
- Increase property value - energy efficient frequently sell for a higher price.
- Enhance quality of life.
- Earn incremental returns on energy efficiency investment.
- Insulate yourself from rising electricity prices
Produce natural gas and deliver it to customers.
Gas utilities
The functions required in gas utilities
Generation, transmission, and distribution
GAS UTILITIES (fr. previous)
*________________ comes from wells that drill into underground deposits in natural gas field.
Natural gas
GAS UTILITIES (fr. previous)
- General facilities use non-thermal energy sources such as _____________________, ____________________, and ________________________________.
hydroelectric dams, wind turbine farms, and photovoltaic or solar-thermal facilities.
Produce drinkable (portable) water and deliver it to customers.
Water utilities
The functions required in water utilities
treatment, transmission, and distribution.
WATER UTILITIES (fr. previous)
*_______________ is naturally collected in geographic water shed, where it drains into river systems, lakes, and underground aquifers.
- These serves as the sources for most of the water that is eventually consumed by people.
Rainwater
Typically billed based on water consumption, measured in cubic meter.
Water utilities
This water was treated, where contaminants are removed.
Water utilities
WATER UTILITIES
*___________________ always addresses health related issues such as the presence of biological and toxic contaminants.
Water treatment, Treatment
WATER UTILITIES
- ____________ addresses aesthetic issues that effect the taste, odor, and color.
Treatment
- Required to provide drinking water to customers with sufficient pressure and purity.
Water utilities
- Tracked by water meters.
Water utilities
This is different from electricity, gas, and water. Does not generate a product and transport this product to customers.
Telephone utilities
The job of a __________________ is to connect two customers so that they can communicate.
telephone system
Often called a sewage utility, transports dirty water away from customers and treats the dirty water so that it is suitable to be discharged into the environment.
Wastewater utilities
UTILITY REGULATORY
- ___________ are natural monopolies, they require government oversight so that they do not exercise monopoly power to the detriment of customers & society.
Utilities
UTILITY REGULATORY
- _________________ establish regulations and monitor for compliance.
- The goals of regulators are to have utility services provided with adequate service levels for the _____________ possible rates.
Regulatory bodies, lowest
Give 4 common utilities equipment
water-cooled chiller, air-conditioning system, cooling tower, air compressor system
BUILDING DESIGN PROCESS
- _____________ is an integral part of the larger and more complex building procurement process through which an owner defines facility needs, considers architectural possibilities. contracts for design and construction services and uses the resulting facility.
Design Process
BUILDING DESIGN PROCESS
- A building project typically begins with __________________ that establish the need for, feasibility of, and proposed scope for a facility.
- If a project remains feasible as it progresses, the design process is followed by the construction and occupancy phases of a project.
predesign activities
BUILDING DESIGN PROCESS
- Predesign activities may be conducted by ______________ (often under a separate contract), by the __________, or by a _______________________.
- Product of predesign activities should be a clearly defined scope of work for the design team to act upon.
→Program, a project brief, or the owners project requirements →drawings and specification →Physical reality
design team, owner, specialized consultant
BUILDING DESIGN PROCESS
- During the design process will determine the need for specific mechanical and electrical systems and equipment, and very often will determine eventual __________ and _______________.
owner, occupant satisfaction
- _______________ is simply a statement that outlines the expected high-level outcome of the design process.
Design Intent
- Design Intent should not try to capture the totality of a building’s character; this will come only to the ______________.
completion of the design
DESIGN INTENT
- ________ design intent are important because they set the tone for design efforts, allow all members of the design team to understand what is truly critical to success, provide a general direction for early design efforts, and put key or unusual design concerns.
Clear
DESIGN INTENT
- Strong design intent will result the “_________________” while weak intent will result in a weak building
first, best moves
DESIGN INTENTS MIGHT INCLUDE THE FF.
Give 5.
- The building will provide outstanding comfort for its occupant.
- The design will consider the latest in information technology.
- The building will be green, with a focus on indoor environmental quality.
- The building will be in carbon neutral.
- The building will provide a high degree of flexibility for its occupants.
_________________ are the benchmarks against which success or failure in meeting design intent is measured.
Design Criteria
Will ensure that all involved parties seriously address the technical and philosophical issues underlying the design intent.
Design criteria
DESIGN CRITERIA
Design criteria should be established as early in the design process as possible
→ certainly not later than the schematic design phase.
True or false?
Truth
DESIGN CRITERIA
As design criteria will define success or failure in a specific area of the building design process, they should be realistic and not subject to _________________ → sudden for no obvious reason.
whimsical change
