LESSON 1: INTRODUCTION TO MICROBIOLOGY Flashcards
“Microbes, including
are the smallest creatures
bacteria
fungi
archaea
protist
viruses
o “the study of small life,” where the small life refers to
microorganisms or microbes.
Microbiology
are so tiny that they can only be seen with the
aid of microscopes.
Microorganism
Are microscopic organisms that exist as cellular
microbes (or organisms) and the acellular microbes (or agents).
Where one cell is the entire organism
Unicellular
where numerous
number of cells can make up the entire organism.
multicellular
Can be
either unicellular, where one cell is the entire organism, or multicellular, where numerous
number of cells can make up the entire organism.
Cellular microbes
Cellular Category
Bacteria
Archaea
Fungi
Protists
Acellular camp
need hose cells to multiply
Viruses
Infectious agents
Prions
Viroids
A microorganism can either be pathogenic or non-pathogenic
can infect and cause diseases on human, plants or animals.
Pathogenic Microorg
Beneficial to the host.
Non-pathogenic
Is a population
of microorganisms naturally present within a healthy body.
Skin surface, within natural body cavities, in the gastrointestinal tract or reproductive tract.
Normal flora
Characteristics of Microorganisms
- Morphologic characteristics
- chemical composition
- cultural characteristics
- Metabolic Characteristics
- antigen characteristics
- genetics characteristics
7.Pathogenecity - Ecological characteristics
cell shape, size (μm), and structure, special structures,
Morphologic Characteristics
chemical constituents of the cells
Chemical composition
Nutritional requirements and physical conditions required for
growth (temperature), and the manner in which growth occurs, type of culture
medium
cultural characteristics
how cells obtain and use their energy, carry out chemical
reactions, and regulate these reaction
Metabolic
distinctive chemical components (antigens) of the microorganism
antigenic characteristics
Hereditary material of the cell
genetic characteristics
Ability to cause a disease of microorganism
pathogenecity
habitat and distribution of microorganism in nature, and
interactions between and among species in natural environment
Ecological characteristics
Types of microoganism
- bacteria
- Archaea
- Fungi
- Protozoa
- Algae
- Virus
- Multicellular Animal parasites
also called prokaryotes (no nuclear membrane); unicellular; enclosed in cell walls rich in carbohydrates
and peptidoglycan; divides by binary fission
Bacteria
also prokaryotic; cell walls lacks peptidoglycan; found in extreme
environments.
archaea
Eukaryotic cell (with distinct nucleus); may be uni/multicellular.
fungi
Unicellular eukaryotic; move by appendages.
Protozoa
photosynthetic eukaryotes; cell walls are made of cellulose (plant
carbohydrate).
Algae
acellular microorganism; made either of DNA or RNA surrounded by a protein
coat, that is sometimes further encased in a lipid membrane; need host cells to
reproduce.
Virus
although not strictly microorganisms, these organisms are microscopic in some stages of their development. Also use microbiological
techniques in their diagnosis
Multicellular Animal Parasites
