Lesson 1: Introduction and the classification of schizophrenia Flashcards
Define Schizophrenia
Severe mental disorder characterised by disruption of cognitive π§ and emotional π functioning- effects language, thoughts π, perceptions, emotions π, sense of self- person hears π voices and sees π visions
What are the causes of Schizophrenia?
1) Genetics π§¬
2) Neural explanations- π§ structure
3) Drugs π e.g. marijuana, ecstasy
4) Stress- traumatic experience
5) Previous health π₯ issues- e.g. π§ injury
6) Depression
7) Environment- learning (behavioural πβββ approach)
8) Issues when person was born- lack of oxygen (when potentially umbilical cord wrapped around πΆβs neck)
9) Bacteria infection- passed on from mother π€° to πΆ
What are the 2 ways in which a person could get schizophrenia?
1) Type I: Acute onset: Obvious β symptoms appear suddenly usually after stressful events (e.g. days/weeks or months)
2) Type II: Chronic onset: illness takes many years to form and gradual changes of β¬οΈ disturbance and withdrawal occur- characterised by β symptoms
What is Schizophrenia classified in?
1) International Classification of Diseases 10th edition (ICD-10)
2) The Diagnostic Statistical Manual fifth edition (DSM-V)
Give details about the ICD-10
- Produced by World Health Organisation (WHO)
- Updated every few years
- Focuses on clusters of symptoms needed to classify psychiatric illness
- Mainly used in Europe
- For schizophrenia, ICD-10 focuses on subtypes of schizophrenia whereas DSM-V βοΈ do this anymore
Give details about the DSM-V
- Classification and description of 200 mental disorders which are grouped together in terms of features
- Produced in πΊπΈ
- Updated every few years
- DSM-IV used to have subtypes of schizophrenia BUT subtypes removed in DSM-V
How many criteria must you fill to be diagnosed with Schizophrenia according to the DSM-V
3
What are the criteria that you must fulfill to be diagnosed with Schizophrenia by the DSM-V?
Criterion 1:
Need 2 or β¬οΈ of following criteria OR only 1 if delusion bizarre or hallucinations consist of a running commentary of the personβs πββοΈ or π
1) Delusions
2) Hallucinations
3) Disorganised speech π
4) Grossly disorganised πββοΈ
5) β symptoms such as flattening/avolition
Criterion 2: Social/occupational dysfunction:
- since onset of schizophrenia- 1 or β¬οΈ areas of functioning negatively β affected e.g. work/interpersonal/self-care
Criterion 3: Duration:
- Continuous signs of disturbance- present for 6 months or β¬οΈ
- Symptoms from criterion 1 MUST be present for 1 month