Lesson 1: Introduction and the classification of schizophrenia Flashcards

1
Q

Define Schizophrenia

A

Severe mental disorder characterised by disruption of cognitive 🧠 and emotional 😭 functioning- effects language, thoughts πŸ’­, perceptions, emotions 😭, sense of self- person hears πŸ‘‚ voices and sees πŸ‘€ visions

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2
Q

What are the causes of Schizophrenia?

A

1) Genetics 🧬
2) Neural explanations- 🧠 structure
3) Drugs πŸ’Š e.g. marijuana, ecstasy
4) Stress- traumatic experience
5) Previous health πŸ₯ issues- e.g. 🧠 injury
6) Depression
7) Environment- learning (behavioural πŸƒβ€β™‚β€ approach)
8) Issues when person was born- lack of oxygen (when potentially umbilical cord wrapped around πŸ‘Άβ€™s neck)
9) Bacteria infection- passed on from mother 🀰 to πŸ‘Ά

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3
Q

What are the 2 ways in which a person could get schizophrenia?

A

1) Type I: Acute onset: Obvious βž• symptoms appear suddenly usually after stressful events (e.g. days/weeks or months)
2) Type II: Chronic onset: illness takes many years to form and gradual changes of ⬆️ disturbance and withdrawal occur- characterised by βž– symptoms

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4
Q

What is Schizophrenia classified in?

A

1) International Classification of Diseases 10th edition (ICD-10)
2) The Diagnostic Statistical Manual fifth edition (DSM-V)

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5
Q

Give details about the ICD-10

A
  • Produced by World Health Organisation (WHO)
  • Updated every few years
  • Focuses on clusters of symptoms needed to classify psychiatric illness
  • Mainly used in Europe
  • For schizophrenia, ICD-10 focuses on subtypes of schizophrenia whereas DSM-V βœ–οΈ do this anymore
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6
Q

Give details about the DSM-V

A
  • Classification and description of 200 mental disorders which are grouped together in terms of features
  • Produced in πŸ‡ΊπŸ‡Έ
  • Updated every few years
  • DSM-IV used to have subtypes of schizophrenia BUT subtypes removed in DSM-V
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7
Q

How many criteria must you fill to be diagnosed with Schizophrenia according to the DSM-V

A

3

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8
Q

What are the criteria that you must fulfill to be diagnosed with Schizophrenia by the DSM-V?

A

Criterion 1:
Need 2 or ⬆️ of following criteria OR only 1 if delusion bizarre or hallucinations consist of a running commentary of the person’s πŸƒβ€β™‚οΈ or πŸ’­
1) Delusions
2) Hallucinations
3) Disorganised speech πŸ‘„
4) Grossly disorganised πŸƒβ€β™‚οΈ
5) βž– symptoms such as flattening/avolition

Criterion 2: Social/occupational dysfunction:
- since onset of schizophrenia- 1 or ⬆️ areas of functioning negatively βž– affected e.g. work/interpersonal/self-care

Criterion 3: Duration:

  • Continuous signs of disturbance- present for 6 months or ⬆️
  • Symptoms from criterion 1 MUST be present for 1 month
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