Lesson 1 - Introduction and Counseling Theories

Question 1

How has the antithesis toward religion changed since the mid 80’s?

Answer 1

1. ) Science has lost its authority and dominance in culture.
2. ) Stronghold belief in naturalism is waning
3. ) Disillusionment of humanism to solve problems
4. ) Holding to a system intellectually will not change your life.

Question 2

Current state of affairs in mental health…

Answer 2

1. ) Revolution in the field since the mid-80’s
2. ) Antithesis toward religion has changed
3. ) Spiritual phenomena is no longer avoided in this country (from rational to experiential)
4. ) Impact of Carl Rogers (humanistic psychology)
5. ) Values will influence us (you can’t counsel outside your value system)

Question 3

What are the 2 approaches to analyzing value systems?

Answer 3

1. ) Clinical Pragmatism/Medical Model Approach
   - - Health is the absence of disease
   - - Death is the enemy
   - - Good is whatever helps in a situation
2. ) Humanism
   - - There is something more than just living
   - - Man must be self-actuality
   - - Any hindrance to individual growth or change is pathology (disease)

Question 4

What are some characteristics of humanism?

Answer 4

1. ) Man and his autonomy are supreme
2. ) You define yourself by horizontal relationships
3. ) Morality - there is no absolute morality
4. ) Focuses completely on self -
5. ) Postulates the human condition - ventilate hurt or anger
6. ) Knowledge is the result of human effort

Question 5

What is conflict theories?

Answer 5

– Man’s existence revolves around conflict (at man’s core, he is in conflict)

Question 6

What are the three areas of conflict?

Answer 6

• • Id (instinct, drive, desire)
• • Ego
• • Superego

Question 7

Who were the conflict theorists?

Answer 7

• • Sigmund Freud

- - Carl Jung