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Operating System - Midterms > Lesson 1: Intro to OS > Flashcards

Lesson 1: Intro to OS Flashcards

1
Q

program (software) that acts as an INTERMEDIARY (INTERFACE between a user of a computer and the computer hardware

A

Operating System

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2
Q

MANAGES the computer hardware and PROVIDES A BASIS for application programs

A

Operating System

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3
Q

more common to describe an operating system

A

Kernel

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4
Q

one program RUNNING AT ALL TIMES on the computer

A

Kernel

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5
Q

Operating System Goals (CCSE)

A

CONTROL/execute application programs
Make the computer system CONVENIENT to use
Make SOLVING user problems easier
Use the computer hardware in an EFFICIENT manner

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6
Q

Types of Operating System (BTNDR aka bartender)

A

Batch Operating System
Time-Sharing Operating System
Network Operating System
Distributed Operating System
Realtime Operating System

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7
Q

[Types of OS] NO DIRECT INTERACTION between the user and the computer, operator SORTS similar jobs into batches

A

Batch OS

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8
Q

Examples of Batch OS

A

Payroll System
Bank Statements

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9
Q

Advantages of Batch Operating Systems (TWIS)

A

TIME: processors know how long the job would be when it is in queue
WORK: easy to manage large work repeatedly
IDLE: idle time is very less
SHARE: multiple users can share

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10
Q

Disadvantages of Batch Operating Systems (CODW)

A

COSTLY: sometimes costly
OPERATOR: computer operators should be well known
DEBUG: hard to debug
WAIT: other jobs will have to wait for an unknown time if any job fails

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11
Q

[Types of OS] considered as extension of multiprogramming systems also known as MULTITASKING SYSTEMS

A

Time-Sharing OS

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12
Q

[Types of OS] prime focus is onminimizing the response time

A

Time-Sharing OS

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13
Q

Examples of Time-Sharing OS

A

Multics
Unix

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14
Q

Advantages of Time-Sharing OS (ODI)

A

OPPORTUNITY: each task gets an equal opportunity
DUPLICATION: less chances of duplication of software
IDLE TIME: CPU idle time can be reduced

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15
Q

Disadvantages of Time-Sharing OS (RSD)

A

RELIABILITY: Reliability problem
SECURITY: One must have to take care of security and integrity of user programs and data
DATA COMMNICATION: Data communication problem

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16
Q

[Types of OS] various autonomous INTERCONNECTED computers communicate each other using a SHARED communication network

A

Distributed OS

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17
Q

[Types of OS] independent systems possess own memory unit and CPU, referred as LOOSELY COUPLED SYSTEMS or DISTRIBUTED SYSTEMS

A

Distributed OS

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18
Q

[Types of OS] system’s processors differ in size and function

A

Distributed OS

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19
Q

Examples of Distributed OS

A

LOCUS
MICROS

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20
Q

Advantages of Distributed OS (CIDLSD)

A

COMPUTATION: computation is highly fast and durable
INDEPENDENT: failure of one will not affect the other network communication, as all systems are independent from each other
DATA EXCHANGE: email increases the data exchange speed
LOAD: load on host computer reduces
SCALE: easily scalable as many systems can be easily added to the network
DELAY: delay in data processing reduces

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21
Q

Disadvantages of Distributed Operating System (LAN)

A

LANGUAGE: the language which are used are not well defined yet
AVAILABILITY: not readily available as they are very expensive, highly complex underlying software, and not understood well yet
NETWORK: failure of the main network will stop the entire communication

22
Q

[Types of OS] OSs that run on a server and provide the capability to manage data, users, groups, security, applications ang other networking functions known as TIGHTLY COUPLED SYSTEMS

A

Network OS

23
Q

[Types of OS] allow SHARED ACCESS of files, printers, security, applications and other networking functions over a SMALL PRIVATE NETWORK

A

Network OS

24
Q

[Types of OS] All the users are well aware of the underlying configuration, of all other users within the network, and their individual connects

A

Network OS

25
Q

Examples of Network OS

A

Microsoft Windows Server 2003
Microsoft Windows Server 2008
UNIX
Linux
Mac OS X
Novell NetWare
BSD

26
Q

Advantages of Network Operating System (clue: USSR)

A

UPGRADE: New technologies and hardware up-gradation are easily integrated to the system
STABLE: Highly stable centralized servers
SECURITY: Security concerns are handled through servers
REMOTE: Server access are possible remotely from different locations and types of systems

27
Q

Disadvantages of Network Operating System (CDM)

A

COSTLY: Servers are costly
DEPENDANCE: User has to depend on central location for most operations
MAINTENANCE: Maintenance and updates are required regularly

28
Q

[Types of OS] serves the real-time systems

A

Real-Time OS

29
Q

time interval required to process and respond to inputs

A

Response Time

30
Q

[Types of OS] used when there are time requirements are very strict

A

Real-Time OS

31
Q

Examples of Real-Time OS

A

Scientific experiments
Medical imaging systems
Industrial control systems
Weapon systems
Robots
Air traffic control systems

32
Q

Two Types of Real-Time OS (HS)

A

Hard Real-Time Systems
Soft Real-Time Systems

33
Q

[Types of Real-Time OS] meant for the applications where time constraints are VERY STRICT and even the shortest possible delay is not acceptable, built for SAVING LIFE that are required to be readily available in case of any accident, VIRTUAL MEMORY is almost never found

A

Hard Real-Time Systems

34
Q

[Types of Real-Time OS] applications where for time-constraint is less strict

A

Soft Real-Time Systems

35
Q

Advantages of Real-Time Operating System (METFEM)

A

MAX CONSUMPTION: max utilization of devices and system, more output from all the resources
ERROR FREE: error free
TASK SHIFTING: time assigned for shifting tasks in these systems are very less
FOCUS ON APPLICATION: focus on running applications and less importance to applications which are in queue
EMBEDDED SYSTEM: can also be used in embedded systems
MEMORY ALLOCATION: memory allocation is best managed

36
Q

Disadvantages of Real-Time Operating System (CHLDT /child tee/)

A

COMPLEX ALGORITHMS: algorithms are very complex and difficult for the designer to write on
HEAVY SYSTEM RESOURCES: sometimes the system resources are not so good, and they are expensive as well
LIMITED ASKS: very few tasks run at the same time and their concentration is very less on few applications to avoid errors
DEVICE DRIVER AND INTERRUPT SIGNALS: needs specific device drivers and interrupt signals to response earliest to interrupts
THREAD PRIORITY: not good to set thread priority as these systems are very less prone to switching tasks

37
Q

Computer System Components (HOAU)

A

Hardware
Operating System
Application Programs
Users

38
Q

[Computer System Components] provides basic computing resources

A

Hardware

39
Q

[Computer System Components] controls and coordinates the use of the hardware among the various application programs for the various users

A

Operating System (OS)

40
Q

[Computer System Components] define the ways in which the system resources are used to solve the computing problems of the users

A

Application Programs

41
Q

[Computer System Components] includes people, machine or other computers

A

Users

42
Q

Operating System Services (UPFICE)

A

User Interface
Program Execution
I/O Operations
File-System Manipulation
Communication
Error Detection

43
Q

[Operating System Services] several forms of user interface (CBG)

A

Command-line Interface
Batch Interface
Graphical User Interface (GUI)

44
Q

[Operating System Services, UI] uses text commands and methods for entering them such as typing commands with the use of keyboard in a specific format

A

Command-line Interface

45
Q

[Operating System Services, UI] commands and directives are entered into files to control commands and execute those files

A

Batch Interface

46
Q

[Operating System Services, UI] interface is a window system using a pointing device to direct I/O, choose from menus and making selections and a keyboard in entering text

A

Graphical User Interface (GUI)

47
Q

[Operating System Services] system must be able to load a program into memory and to run that program and must be able to end its execution, whether normally or abnormally

A

Program Execution

48
Q

[Operating System Services] must provide a means to do involving I/O

A

I/O Operations

49
Q

[Operating System Services] programs need to read and write files and directories. The need to create and delete, search, and list file information

A

File-System Manipulation

50
Q

[Operating System Services] a process needs to exchange information with another process occurring on the same or different computers

A

Communications

51
Q

[Operating System Services] OS needs to detect and correct errors constantly which may occur in CPU and memory hardware, in I/O devices and in the user program

A

Error Detection

Operating System - Midterms (4 decks)

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