Lesson 1: Hydrometeorological Hazards Flashcards
Are processes or phenomena of atmospheric, hydrological or
oceanographic nature
Hydrometeorological Hazards
may cause loss of life, injury or
other health impacts, property
damages, loss of livelihoods and
services, social and economic
disruptions, or even environmental
damages
Hydrometeorological Hazards
non-frontal, synoptic-scale cyclone
developing over tropical and
sub-tropical waters at any level and
having an organized circulation
Tropical Cyclone
tropical cyclone are referred to as ______ in other parts of the world
Hurricanes
In the North Atlantic, Eastern North Pacific and South Pacific Ocean, tropical cyclone is called
Hurricanes
bay of Bengal, Arabian Sea and Western South Indian, tropical cyclone is called
Ocean Cyclonic
In the eastern part of the Southern Indian Ocean, it is
Willy-willy
In the Western North Pacific Ocean, they are called
Typhoons
Philippines is prone to typhoons because it is found on the
Pacific typhoon belt
every year, up to ___ storms are hurled from vast Pacific to the Asian country
20
How many country does typhoon hits land directly
6-9
meaning of ACFC
Asian Centre for Flood Control
What are the 8 most disaster prone cities in the PH
Tuguegarao in Cagayan
Lucena in Quezon Province
Metro Manila
City of San Fernando in Pampanga
Cabanatuan in Nueva Ecija
Batangas
San Carlos
Naga in Camarines Sur
Top 10 flood-prone areas based on DENR-MGB
Pampanga
Nueva Ecija
Pangasinan
Tarlac
Maguindanao
Bulacan
Metro Manila
North Cotabato
Oriental Mindoro
Ilocos Norte
it is the hurricane’s center that is relatively calm generally clear area of sinking air and light winds that usually do not exceed 15 (24 km/h) and is typically 20-40 miles (32-64 km) across
Eye
usually develop when the maximum
sustained wind speeds go above 74 mph (119km/h) and is the calmest part of the storm
Eye
consists of a ring of tall thunderstorms that produce heavy rains and usually the strongest winds
Eyewall
Changes in the structure of the eye and eyewall can cause
Changes in the wind speed
Indicator of the storm’s intensity
Changes in the wind speed
The _____ can grow or shrink in size, and double (concentric) _____can form
eye, eyewalls
Curved bands of clouds and thunderstorms that trail away from the eye wall in a spiral fashion
Rain Bands
capable of producing heavy bursts of rain and wind, as well as tornadoes. There are sometimes gaps in between spiral rain bands where no rain or wind is found
Rain Bands
band of clouds consisting of showers and
occasional thunderstorms that encircles the globe near the equator
Inter-Tropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ)
curving of the path of objects or fluids due to the Earth’s rotation
Coriolis Effect
this powers the tropical cyclone and is the most important factor in its development. As water vapor (water in the gaseous state)
rises, it cools.
Warm Water
In the process of condensation, ___ is released.
Heat
This cooling causes the water vapor
to condense into liquid, which we
see as _______
Clouds
One of the effects of tropical cyclones that Sustained winds may be as high as 240 km per hour, and gusts can exceed 320 km per hour
Strong Winds
Effect of tropical cyclone that is associated with tropical cyclones is both beneficial and harmful. The rains are harmful when the amount is so large as to cause flooding.
Rainfall
Observing ______ allows typhoon paths to be established
Typhoon Tracks
Are reliable and can be used in mitigating the destructive effects of typhoon
Typhoon Tracks
played a crucial role in coordinating
efforts across different government
agencies and local government units
(LGUs)
National Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Council (NDRRMC)
Operates the nationwide network for
forecasting and observing tropical cyclones that may enter
the PAR
Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical, and Astronomical Services Administration (PAGASA)
Issues official warnings for the
entire west pacific ocean
Regional Specialized Meteorological Center (RSMC) Tokyo-Typhoon Center of the
Japan Meteorological Agency
What is the new typhoon name of Leon
Lekep
Nika
Nanolay
Ofel
Onos
Pepito
Puwok
Aghon
Amuyao
Enteng
Edring
Julian
Josefa
Kristine
Kidul
What signal number is
• House of poor made of light materials will suffer minimal to minor damage.
• Rice crops, especially
those in flowering and
ripening stages, may
suffer some damage.
Signal No.1
•Many areas may suffer power outages with numerous downed power lines and posts. Minimal to minor disruption in
telecommunications and potable water suppy.
Signal No.3
Some small trees blow over, with twigs and
branches of frail trees broken. Some electrical wires may be blown down, resulting in local power outages.
Signal No.2
•Considerable airborne debris will be generated and may cause damage, injury, and possible fatalities.
•Near total loss of power supply and telecommunications due to numerous downed power lines, poles, and cellular towers.
SignalNo.4
•Vast majority of the trees will be broken, defoliated, or unrooted.
• Electricity, potable water supply, and
telecommunications will be unavailable for prolonged periods due to significant
disruption in infrastructure.
Signal No.5
This are not the same as storm tides. Storm tides are the rise in water level that occurs due to a storm surge and the astronomical tide
Storm Surge
This agency defined storm surge as “an abnormal rise of water generated by a storm, over and above the predicted
astronomical tides.”
National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA)
According to the _________, the Philippines has a total coastline of 36,289 kilometers. World Research Institute 33,900 km placing 8th in the world.
CIA World Factbook
means “harbor wave” and
pertains to seismic sea wave. This
phenomenon can have heights that reaches up to ____ meters. It is a succession of water waves when an immense volume of water is displaced.
of km).
Tsunamis, 10
formed due to the imbalance, gravitational influences of the moon, sun, and other planets. Its wavelengths can be wide and may take _____ hours to arrive
Tidal Wave, 24
influences the amount of surge produced
since storm surge are wind-driven. Forces that the wind has exerted on the body of water is proportional to the square of wind spend (V^2)
Storm Intensity (Wind Speed)
the stronger the wind, the _______ the storm surge
Higher
atmospheric pressure is the force exerted on the surface of water by the weight of air in the earth’s atmosphere
Pressure Effect
______ atmospheric pressure results in higher storm surge level
Lower
2 major causes of storm surge formation
Lowered atmospheric pressure and wind
speed
tropical cyclones with large diameter
typically form higher surge because the winds push on a larger surface area of
the ocean for a longer period of time
Size
tropical cyclones traveling with higher velocities produce higher surge along
an open coast
Storm Forward Speed
tropical cyclones with ______ velocity is more efficient in producing _____ and broader storm surge in enclosed areas
Lower, higher
hitting the coast perpendicularly will
create a higher storm surge because a larger part of the storm surge mound comes in contact with the coastline and is
allowed to build up more
Angle of approach to coast
appearance of the ocean resulting from
the variation in depth in different portions
Bathymetry
land configuration resulting from variation
in elevation
Topography
due to _______ effect or the entrapment in a smaller accommodation space of
water being dumped by strong winds
Coastline shape, funneling
man-made and natural that may affect the
behavior of storm surge
Local Features
plays an important role in the occurrence of natural phenomenon because it may result in a higher storm surge, as in storm surge formation coinciding with tropical
cyclone, or in a lower surge
Timing
may be submerged, washed away, and destroyed
Structures and Infrastractures
may be drifted away
Cars
May contaminate ground waters
Saltwater
estimated storm surge heights on minimal to moderate impacts
<2.0meters
estimated storm surge heights on moderate to significant
2.0-3.0 meters
estimated storm surge heights on significant impacts
> 3.0 meters
_______ & ________ give predictions with the longest lead
time possible to give enough time for people to prepare and
evacuate
PAGASA, DOST
other term for Super Typhoon Yolanda
Haiyan
high-water stage in which water overflows its natural or artificial banks onto normally dry land, such as a river inundating its floodplain. The effects of floods on human well-being range from unqualified
blessings to catastrophes
Flood
technical name for ordinary flooding that occurs in inland areas, hundreds of miles from the coast
Inland Flooding
caused by heavy rain or the sudden release of water over a short period of time
Flash Floods
Flash floods are also caused by heavy
precipitation in a short period of time, usually less than ____ hours
6
occurs when water levels in rivers, lakes, and streams rise and overflow onto the surrounding banks, shores, and neighboring land
River Flooding
inundation of land areas along the coast by seawater
Coastal Flooding
occurs when there is a lack of drainage in an urban (city) area
Urban Flooding
Is a violent, transient type of weather disturbance associated with thousands of
meter tall cumulonimbus clouds which usually involves lightning, thunder, strong winds, intenserainfall, occasionally
tornadoes and hail
Thunderstorms
Thunderstorms are most likely in the
______ and ______ months and during
the afternoon and evening hours, but
they can occur year-round and at all
hours
Spring, summer
Three basic ingredients are required for a thunderstorm to form
moisture, rising unstable air (air that keeps rising when given a nudge), and a lifting mechanism to provide the “nudge”
This is the stage of thunderstorm where it is marked by a cumulus cloud that is being pushed upward by a rising column of air (updraft)
Developing Stage
Cumulus cloud looks like a tower called
Towering Cumulus
The thunderstorm enters the _______ when the updraft continues to feed the storm, but precipitation begins to fall out of the storm, creating a downdraft (a column of air pushing downward). It is most likely time for hail, heavy rain, frequent
lightning, strong winds, and tornadoes
mature
stage
At the ground, the gust front moves out a long distance from the storm and cuts off the warm moist air that was feeding the thunderstorm. Rainfall decreases in
intensity, but lightning remains a danger
Dissipating Stage
form of precipitation consisting of solid ice that forms inside thunderstorm updrafts. This can damage aircraft, homes and cars, and can be deadly to livestock and people
Hail
formed when raindrops are carried upward by thunderstorm updrafts into extremely cold areas of the atmosphere and freeze. It then grow by colliding with
liquid water drops that freeze onto the hailstone’s surface
Hailstones
also known as ENSO is a periodic fluctuation (i.e., every 2–7 years) in sea surface temperature and the air pressure of the overlying atmosphere across the equatorial Pacific Ocean.
ElNiño and the Southern Oscillation
one of the most important sources of annual global climate variability, second only to the earth–sun relationship that drives the seasons
El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO)
associated with characteristic patterns of rainfall and temperature, which can include extreme events such as flooding and drought
El Niño and La Niña
lower rainfall in South and South-East Asia; wetter conditions in the eastern-central Pacific islands and across the Hindu Kush
mountain range in central Asia
Asia Pacific, Central Asia
effects of ENSO on this are most pronounced in epidemic-prone areas where climate conditions are generally not suitable for year-round vector reproduction
Malaria
The El Niño-related drought of _____ contributed to the exacerbation of forest fires in _____
1997, Brazil, Indonesia and Malaysia
In ____, air quality in 6 South-East
Asian countries was impacted by
wildfires exacerbated by El
Niño-related drought, including
Indonesia where a state of
emergency was declared due to
hazardous air quality
2015
Because of the drastic reduction in irrigation water supply , farmlands yielding staple food crops such as corn rice and beans sustained great losses in harvest
Agriculture
represent periods of below-average sea
surface temperatures across the east-central Equatorial Pacific
La Niña
Southern Oscillation is coined by ______ for the see saw shift in the atmospheric pressure between the eastern and western tropical Pacific that accompanies both El Niño and La Niña
Sir Gilbert Walker
Observes reduced rainfall in the West pacific there is a _________ in the East Pacific
Low pressure
