Lesson 1 - History Of Medical Technology Flashcards
He is the father of medicine
Hippocrates
Author of Hippocratic Oath, a Greek physician and philosopher. He describes diabetes as diarrhea of urine.
Galen
What are the four humors
Blood, Phlegm, Yellow Bile, and Black Bile
Greeks believed that these should remain balanced for people to remain healthy.
Four humors
Blood symbolizes?
Spring
Phlegm symbolizes?
Winter
Yellow bile symbolizes?
Summer
Black bile symbolizes?
Autumn
Blood relates to what personality trait?
It is related to happiness, optimism, sanguine.
Phlegm related to what personality trait?
Calmness and intellectuality
Yellow bile relates to what personality trait?
Childhood, anger, choleric
Black bile relates to what personality trait?
Pensive sadness, old age, melancholic, and “imagined receptacle” of the spleen
It is the diagnostic examination of the urine
Water casting or uroscopy
What does patients uses to keep their urine for examination?
Flasks
When did the first book about the characteristics of the urine was written?
900 AD
When did medical practitioners were not allowed to conduct an examination to the patient’s body, thus, they need to rely solely on the patient’s description of symptoms?
11th century
When did mechanical techniques and cadaver dissection were used to provide accurate diagnosis of sickness and to know the insides of the body.
18th century
What are the tools that were invented and used on 19th century?
Spirometer and Sphygmomanometer
Who invented the spirometer?
John Hutchinson
Who invented the sphygmomanometer?
Jules Herrison
it measures the vital capacity of lungs.
Spirometer
it measures blood pressure
Sphygmomanometer
It was pivotal in the diagnosis of diabetes, anemia, diphtheria, and syphillis
Chemistry
When did the stethoscope was invented?
1816
It is the first diagnostic medical breakthrough invented
Stethoscope
Who invented the stethoscope?
Rene Laennec
It is an instrument that is used to observe small objects such as cells
Microscope
Who was the person that devised the microscope?
Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek
When was the microscope first devised?
1840
It has lights and several small lenses that are used to examine the eye.
Ophthalmoscope
When was ophthalmoscope invented?
1850
Who invented the ophthalmoscope?
Hermann Von Helmholtz
An instrument that has two mirrors observe the throat and larynx
Laryngoscope
When did the Laryngoscope was invented?
1855
Who invented the Laryngoscope?
Manuel Garcia
It is used in the diagnosis of pneumonia pleurisy, and tuberculosis.
X-ray
When did the x-ray was invented?
1859
Who invented the x-ray?
Wilhelm Roentgen
laboratories that were designed for analyzing medical specimens were organized by chemical experts
Mid-1800s
technical laboratories regulated by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) began to used for medical diagnostics in the US
Mid-1900s
It is used to measure electrical changes during the beating of heart
Electrocardiograph
When was electrocardiograph was invented?
1903
Who invented the electrocardiograph?
William Einthoven
It is a treatment for polio (infantile paralysis) using hot packs to affected muscles to relieve spasms and pain
Kenny Method
When was Kenny Method invented?
1910
Who invented the Kenny Method?
Elizabeth Kenny
It prompted the invention of Sylvia stretcher
Kenny Method
When was Sylvia Stretcher invented?
1927
a new stretcher intended for transporting patients in shock
Sylvia Stretcher
It helps patients with paralytic anterior poliomyelitis recover normal respiration with the assistance of artificial respirator
Drinker respirator
When was drinker respirator invented?
1927
Who invented the Drinker Respirator?
Philip Drinker
A machine that temporarily takes over the function of the heart and lungs during surgery
Heart-lung Machine
When was heart-lung machine invented?
1939
Who invented the heart-lung machine?
Hermann Von Helmholtz
It made possible to see the heart, lungs, blood vessels, through inserting a cannula in an arm veins and into the heart with an injection of radiopaque die for x-ray visualization
Cardiac Catherization and Angiography
When was the Cardiac Catherization and Angiography discovered as safe method for humans?
1941
Who is the first person to operate the cardiac catheterization and Angiography?
Werner Forsmann
When did Werner Forsmann operated the cardiac catheterization and Angiography?
1929
Who are the persons that developed the cardiac catherization and Angiography?
Moniz, Reboul, and Rousthoi
When did Moniz, Reboul, and Rousthoi developed the cardiac catherization and angiography?
1930 and 1940
Who discovered the Cardiac Catherization and Angiography as safe method for humans?
Andre Cournand
When was Tomography invented?
1972
A combination of a series of X-ray images taken at different angles
Tomography
A scan that uses magnetic fields and radio waves to produce a detailed image of the body’s soft tissues and bones
MRI
MRI stands for?
Magnetic Resonance Imaging
When was MRI invented?
1977
He is the first person to see microorganism. The father of microbiology.
Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek
When did Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek first saw animal and plant tissues?
1660
Discovered vaccination to establish immunity to smallpox
Edward Jenner
When did Edward Jenner discovered vaccination to smallpox?
1796
In what field did Edward Jenner contributed?
immunology
Produced disease in worms by injection of organic material
Agostino Bassi
What year did Agostino Bassi discovered that other diseases are from microorganism?
1835
In what field did Agostino Bassi contributed?
Bacteriology
Who successfully produced immunity to rabies?
Louis Pasteur
When did Louis Pasteur discovered immunity to rabies?
1857
Who announced the law of inherited characteristics from studies on plants?
Gregor Mendel
When did Gregor Mendel announce about his law of inherited characteristics from plants?
1866
Father of antiseptic surgery
Joseph Lister
Demonstrated that surgical infections are caused by airborne organisms
Joseph Lister
When did Joseph Lister discovered that surgical infections are caused by airborne organisms
1870
Presented the first pictures of bacilli (anthrax), and later tubercle bacilli (causative agent of tuberculosis)
Robert Koch
When did Robert Koch presented the first pictures of bacilli (anthrax)
1877
Who identified organs by their types of tissue
Marie Francois Xavier Bichat
In what year did Marie Francois Xavier Bichat identified organs by their types of tissue
1880
Who described phagocytes in blood and their role in fighting infection
Elie Metchnikoff
When did Elie Metchnikoff described phagocytes in blood and their role in fighting infection
1886
He is noticed for introducing steam sterilization of instruments and dressings
Ernst Von Bergmann
In what year did Ernst Von Bergmann introduced steam sterilization of instruments and dressings
1886
Who introduced aseptic methods to the practice of surgery.
Ernst Von Bergmann
When did Ernst Von Bergmann introduced aseptic methods to the practice of surgery.
1891
He distinguished blood groups through the development of the ABO blood group system
Karl Landsteiner
When did Karl Landsteiner distinguished blood groups through the development of the ABO blood group system
1902
Who developed the immunologic tests for syphillis
August Von Wasserman
When did August Von Wasserman developed the immunologic tests for syphillis?
1906
Who discovered microorganisms whose range lies between bacteria and viruses and he named that group as rickettsiae.
Howard Ricketts
When did Howard Ricketts discovered microorganisms whose range lies between bacteria and viruses?
1906
He worked out the structure of hemoglobin
Hans Fischer
When did Hans Fischer worked out the structure of hemoglobin?
1929
Who developed the poliomyelitis vaccine?
Jonas Salk
When did Jonas Salk developed the poliomyelitis vaccine?
1954
Who introduced the Westgard Rules for quality control in the clinical laboratory
James Westgard
When did James Westgard introduced the Westgard Rules for quality control in the clinical laboratory.
1973
Who introduced the hepatitis B vaccine
Baruch Samuel Blumberg
When did Baruch Samuel Blumberg introduced the Hepatitis B Vaccine
1980
Who developed the Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR)
Kary Mullis
When did Kary Mullis developed the Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR)
1985
It can be used to amplify a sample of DNA for example, from a crime scene, archaeological samples, as a method of identifying a gene of interest or to test for disease (COVID-19 testing)
PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction)
Who introduced the intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) (IVF)
Andre Van Steirteghem
When did Andre Van Steirteghem introduced the intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) (IVF)
1992
Who derived the first human stem cell line.
James Thomson
When did James Thomson derived the first human stem cell line?
1998
What was the name of the first hospital established by the Spaniards?
Hospital Real
When did Hospital Real was established?
1565
Who is the father of genetics?
Gregor Mendel
What did Samuel Siegfried Karl Ritter von Basch used to measure the blood pressure.
Sphygmomanometer
Who devised the pioneering work for modern physical therapy.
Elizabeth Kenny
Who published The Demand for and Training of Laboratory Technician.
John Kolmer
When was The American Society for Clinical Pathology was founded?
1922
What was founded in 1992
The American Society for Clinical Pathology
Who invented the microscope?
Zacharias Janssen
What was the invention of Zacharias Janssen?
Microscope
The first clinical laboratory in the Philippines is now known as the?
Medical Public Health Laboratory
Who was the first graduate of the medical technology program.
Dr. Jesse Umali
Who was built the San Lazaro Hospital for the poor and lepers.
Franciscans
What was the Franciscans built for the poor and lepers.
San Lazaro Hospital
What school established the first faculties of pharmacy and medicine is the
University of Santo Tomas
What is the meaning of the acronym CDC
Centers of Disease Control and Prevention
Who established the relationship between food intake and urine volume.
Galen
What school opened the first school of Medical Technology in the Philippines.
Manila Sanitarium and Hospital
It is the very first school to offer the complete four year college program in medical technology.
Philippine Union College of Baesa
When did John Kolmer published “The Demand and Training of Laboratory Technicians”
1918
A University was opened to highlight the role of clinical laboratories in the US
University of Pennsylvania’s William Pepper Laboratory of Clinical Medicine
When was the University of Pennsylvania William Pepper’s Laboratory of Clinical Medicine was opened to highlight the service role of clinical laboratories.
1895
What law did John Kolmer published which enacted requiring all hospitals to have fully equipped laboratory
The Demand for and Training of Laboratory Technicians
When did the laboratories are directed by chief physician
1920
How many divisions of clinical laboratory was established that are directed by chief physician
Four to Five divisions
What was founded to encourage ethical relationship and cooperation between physician and clinical pathologist and technologists or technicians
The American Society for Clinical Pathology
When did the US government gave recognition to Medical in Technologist regarding its educational qualification through licensure laws
1950’s
The Spanish Empire established Manila as their capital.
Late 16th century
When did the San Lazaro Hospital established?
1578
When did Hospital de San Juan de Dios was founded for poor Spaniards.
1596
What hospital was founded for poor Spaniards.
Hospital de San Juan de Dios
Where did Hospital de San Jose was founded
Cavite
When did the Hospital de San Jose was founded in Cavite.
1641
When did the Dominicans founded the University of Santo Tomas
1611
When is the publication Boletin de Medicina de Manila
1886
When is the publication of Revista Farmaceutica de Filipinas
1893
When is the publication of Cronicas de Ciencias Medicas
1895
When did the central board of vaccination started producing and distributing vaccine lymph.
1806
How many vacunadores did the central board of vaccination in Manila?
122
When did the Central border vaccination had 122 regular vaccinators (vacunadores) in Manila and other major towns.
1898
When did the provincial medical officers were appointed to provide health care services throughout the country.
1876
When did the Laboratorio Municipal de Manila was established by the Spanish authorities for laboratory examinations of food, water, and clinical samples.
1887
Who is the Philippine war hero who was employed as a chemical expert in this laboratory and pioneered water testing, forensics, and environmental studies.
General Antonio Luna
When did the Spaniards who were considered to be authorities in medicine, started exploring the microbial causes of diseases.
End of 19th century
When did the advancements in medicine and health care during the Spanish colonial rule broke down because of the Philippine-American war.
1899 to 1902
When did the Spanish Military hospital was converted into the First Reserve Hospital
1898
Who was a chief surgeon of the Division of the Pacific and Eighth Army Corps.
Lt. Col. Henry Lipincott
Who converted the Spanish Military hospital into the First Reserve Hospital
Lt. Col. Henry Lipincott
Who utilized the laboratory to perform autopsies and to examine blood, feces, and urine along with other laboratory services.
Richard P. Strong
He was a well-known bacteriologist who took pain in preserving the first public health laboratory in Manila.
Alfredo Pio de Roda
When did the US government establish a Bureau of Government Laboratories through the Philippine Commission, under the Philippine Commission Act No. 156.
1901
Who is the bureau’s first director, ensured that the biological laboratory would be equipped with adequate supplies and equipment such as incubators, sterilizers, microscopes, microtomes, stains, glassware, and chemicals.
Paul Freer
When did the Bureau worked with the Army Board for the Study of the Tropical Diseases until the latter was disbanded.
1914
When did the laboratory received over 7000 fecal specimens, 900 urine specimens, and 700 blood specimens.
1909
When did the University of the Philippines’ College of Public Health formally opened its Certificate in Public Health program with the aim to provide proper training to the Philippine Health Service’s medical offcers.
June 1927
Japan attacked the whole of Manila through aerial assault and deployment of troops just ten hours after bombing Pearl Harbor.
December 8, 1941
What medical laboratory was the first laboratory unit to be assigned in the South West Pacific Area.
3rd Medical Laboratory
When did the 3rd Medical Laboratory was the first laboratory unit to be assigned in the South West Pacific Area (SWPA).
June 18, 1942
When did the laboratories including the 3rd, 5th and 8th Medical Laboratories and the 19th Medical General Laboratory were relocated to the West Pacific Area after the US forces landed in Leyte.
1944
It is where the first clinical laboratory in the Philippines was established during World War II by the 6th Infantry Division of the US army
Quiricada St., Sta. Cruz, Manila
When did the US army left and the laboratory was endorsed to the National Department of Health
June 1945
Who was the Manila City Health Offcer
Dr. Mariano Icasiano.
When did the training program ended when the Bureau of Private Education approved a four-year course in Bachelor of Science in Medical Technology.
1954
