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Principles of Medical Laboratory Science 1 > Lesson 1 - History Of Medical Technology > Flashcards

Lesson 1 - History Of Medical Technology Flashcards

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1
Q

He is the father of medicine

A

Hippocrates

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2
Q

Author of Hippocratic Oath, a Greek physician and philosopher. He describes diabetes as diarrhea of urine.

A

Galen

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3
Q

What are the four humors

A

Blood, Phlegm, Yellow Bile, and Black Bile

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4
Q

Greeks believed that these should remain balanced for people to remain healthy.

A

Four humors

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5
Q

Blood symbolizes?

A

Spring

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6
Q

Phlegm symbolizes?

A

Winter

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7
Q

Yellow bile symbolizes?

A

Summer

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8
Q

Black bile symbolizes?

A

Autumn

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9
Q

Blood relates to what personality trait?

A

It is related to happiness, optimism, sanguine.

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10
Q

Phlegm related to what personality trait?

A

Calmness and intellectuality

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11
Q

Yellow bile relates to what personality trait?

A

Childhood, anger, choleric

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12
Q

Black bile relates to what personality trait?

A

Pensive sadness, old age, melancholic, and “imagined receptacle” of the spleen

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13
Q

It is the diagnostic examination of the urine

A

Water casting or uroscopy

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14
Q

What does patients uses to keep their urine for examination?

A

Flasks

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15
Q

When did the first book about the characteristics of the urine was written?

A

900 AD

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16
Q

When did medical practitioners were not allowed to conduct an examination to the patient’s body, thus, they need to rely solely on the patient’s description of symptoms?

A

11th century

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17
Q

When did mechanical techniques and cadaver dissection were used to provide accurate diagnosis of sickness and to know the insides of the body.

A

18th century

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18
Q

What are the tools that were invented and used on 19th century?

A

Spirometer and Sphygmomanometer

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19
Q

Who invented the spirometer?

A

John Hutchinson

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20
Q

Who invented the sphygmomanometer?

A

Jules Herrison

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21
Q

it measures the vital capacity of lungs.

A

Spirometer

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22
Q

it measures blood pressure

A

Sphygmomanometer

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23
Q

It was pivotal in the diagnosis of diabetes, anemia, diphtheria, and syphillis

A

Chemistry

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24
Q

When did the stethoscope was invented?

A

1816

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25
Q

It is the first diagnostic medical breakthrough invented

A

Stethoscope

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26
Q

Who invented the stethoscope?

A

Rene Laennec

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27
Q

It is an instrument that is used to observe small objects such as cells

A

Microscope

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28
Q

Who was the person that devised the microscope?

A

Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek

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29
Q

When was the microscope first devised?

A

1840

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30
Q

It has lights and several small lenses that are used to examine the eye.

A

Ophthalmoscope

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31
Q

When was ophthalmoscope invented?

A

1850

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32
Q

Who invented the ophthalmoscope?

A

Hermann Von Helmholtz

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33
Q

An instrument that has two mirrors observe the throat and larynx

A

Laryngoscope

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34
Q

When did the Laryngoscope was invented?

A

1855

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35
Q

Who invented the Laryngoscope?

A

Manuel Garcia

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36
Q

It is used in the diagnosis of pneumonia pleurisy, and tuberculosis.

A

X-ray

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37
Q

When did the x-ray was invented?

A

1859

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38
Q

Who invented the x-ray?

A

Wilhelm Roentgen

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39
Q

laboratories that were designed for analyzing medical specimens were organized by chemical experts

A

Mid-1800s

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40
Q

technical laboratories regulated by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) began to used for medical diagnostics in the US

A

Mid-1900s

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41
Q

It is used to measure electrical changes during the beating of heart

A

Electrocardiograph

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42
Q

When was electrocardiograph was invented?

A

1903

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43
Q

Who invented the electrocardiograph?

A

William Einthoven

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44
Q

It is a treatment for polio (infantile paralysis) using hot packs to affected muscles to relieve spasms and pain

A

Kenny Method

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45
Q

When was Kenny Method invented?

A

1910

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46
Q

Who invented the Kenny Method?

A

Elizabeth Kenny

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47
Q

It prompted the invention of Sylvia stretcher

A

Kenny Method

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48
Q

When was Sylvia Stretcher invented?

A

1927

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49
Q

a new stretcher intended for transporting patients in shock

A

Sylvia Stretcher

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50
Q

It helps patients with paralytic anterior poliomyelitis recover normal respiration with the assistance of artificial respirator

A

Drinker respirator

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51
Q

When was drinker respirator invented?

A

1927

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52
Q

Who invented the Drinker Respirator?

A

Philip Drinker

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53
Q

A machine that temporarily takes over the function of the heart and lungs during surgery

A

Heart-lung Machine

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54
Q

When was heart-lung machine invented?

A

1939

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55
Q

Who invented the heart-lung machine?

A

Hermann Von Helmholtz

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56
Q

It made possible to see the heart, lungs, blood vessels, through inserting a cannula in an arm veins and into the heart with an injection of radiopaque die for x-ray visualization

A

Cardiac Catherization and Angiography

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57
Q

When was the Cardiac Catherization and Angiography discovered as safe method for humans?

A

1941

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58
Q

Who is the first person to operate the cardiac catheterization and Angiography?

A

Werner Forsmann

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59
Q

When did Werner Forsmann operated the cardiac catheterization and Angiography?

A

1929

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60
Q

Who are the persons that developed the cardiac catherization and Angiography?

A

Moniz, Reboul, and Rousthoi

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61
Q

When did Moniz, Reboul, and Rousthoi developed the cardiac catherization and angiography?

A

1930 and 1940

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62
Q

Who discovered the Cardiac Catherization and Angiography as safe method for humans?

A

Andre Cournand

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63
Q

When was Tomography invented?

A

1972

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64
Q

A combination of a series of X-ray images taken at different angles

A

Tomography

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65
Q

A scan that uses magnetic fields and radio waves to produce a detailed image of the body’s soft tissues and bones

A

MRI

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66
Q

MRI stands for?

A

Magnetic Resonance Imaging

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67
Q

When was MRI invented?

A

1977

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68
Q

He is the first person to see microorganism. The father of microbiology.

A

Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek

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69
Q

When did Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek first saw animal and plant tissues?

A

1660

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70
Q

Discovered vaccination to establish immunity to smallpox

A

Edward Jenner

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71
Q

When did Edward Jenner discovered vaccination to smallpox?

A

1796

72
Q

In what field did Edward Jenner contributed?

A

immunology

73
Q

Produced disease in worms by injection of organic material

A

Agostino Bassi

74
Q

What year did Agostino Bassi discovered that other diseases are from microorganism?

A

1835

75
Q

In what field did Agostino Bassi contributed?

A

Bacteriology

76
Q

Who successfully produced immunity to rabies?

A

Louis Pasteur

77
Q

When did Louis Pasteur discovered immunity to rabies?

A

1857

78
Q

Who announced the law of inherited characteristics from studies on plants?

A

Gregor Mendel

79
Q

When did Gregor Mendel announce about his law of inherited characteristics from plants?

A

1866

80
Q

Father of antiseptic surgery

A

Joseph Lister

81
Q

Demonstrated that surgical infections are caused by airborne organisms

A

Joseph Lister

82
Q

When did Joseph Lister discovered that surgical infections are caused by airborne organisms

A

1870

83
Q

Presented the first pictures of bacilli (anthrax), and later tubercle bacilli (causative agent of tuberculosis)

A

Robert Koch

84
Q

When did Robert Koch presented the first pictures of bacilli (anthrax)

A

1877

85
Q

Who identified organs by their types of tissue

A

Marie Francois Xavier Bichat

86
Q

In what year did Marie Francois Xavier Bichat identified organs by their types of tissue

A

1880

87
Q

Who described phagocytes in blood and their role in fighting infection

A

Elie Metchnikoff

88
Q

When did Elie Metchnikoff described phagocytes in blood and their role in fighting infection

A

1886

89
Q

He is noticed for introducing steam sterilization of instruments and dressings

A

Ernst Von Bergmann

90
Q

In what year did Ernst Von Bergmann introduced steam sterilization of instruments and dressings

A

1886

91
Q

Who introduced aseptic methods to the practice of surgery.

A

Ernst Von Bergmann

92
Q

When did Ernst Von Bergmann introduced aseptic methods to the practice of surgery.

A

1891

93
Q

He distinguished blood groups through the development of the ABO blood group system

A

Karl Landsteiner

94
Q

When did Karl Landsteiner distinguished blood groups through the development of the ABO blood group system

A

1902

95
Q

Who developed the immunologic tests for syphillis

A

August Von Wasserman

96
Q

When did August Von Wasserman developed the immunologic tests for syphillis?

A

1906

97
Q

Who discovered microorganisms whose range lies between bacteria and viruses and he named that group as rickettsiae.

A

Howard Ricketts

98
Q

When did Howard Ricketts discovered microorganisms whose range lies between bacteria and viruses?

A

1906

99
Q

He worked out the structure of hemoglobin

A

Hans Fischer

100
Q

When did Hans Fischer worked out the structure of hemoglobin?

A

1929

101
Q

Who developed the poliomyelitis vaccine?

A

Jonas Salk

102
Q

When did Jonas Salk developed the poliomyelitis vaccine?

A

1954

103
Q

Who introduced the Westgard Rules for quality control in the clinical laboratory

A

James Westgard

104
Q

When did James Westgard introduced the Westgard Rules for quality control in the clinical laboratory.

A

1973

105
Q

Who introduced the hepatitis B vaccine

A

Baruch Samuel Blumberg

106
Q

When did Baruch Samuel Blumberg introduced the Hepatitis B Vaccine

A

1980

107
Q

Who developed the Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR)

A

Kary Mullis

108
Q

When did Kary Mullis developed the Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR)

A

1985

109
Q

It can be used to amplify a sample of DNA for example, from a crime scene, archaeological samples, as a method of identifying a gene of interest or to test for disease (COVID-19 testing)

A

PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction)

110
Q

Who introduced the intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) (IVF)

A

Andre Van Steirteghem

111
Q

When did Andre Van Steirteghem introduced the intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) (IVF)

A

1992

112
Q

Who derived the first human stem cell line.

A

James Thomson

113
Q

When did James Thomson derived the first human stem cell line?

A

1998

114
Q

What was the name of the first hospital established by the Spaniards?

A

Hospital Real

115
Q

When did Hospital Real was established?

A

1565

116
Q

Who is the father of genetics?

A

Gregor Mendel

117
Q

What did Samuel Siegfried Karl Ritter von Basch used to measure the blood pressure.

A

Sphygmomanometer

118
Q

Who devised the pioneering work for modern physical therapy.

A

Elizabeth Kenny

119
Q

Who published The Demand for and Training of Laboratory Technician.

A

John Kolmer

120
Q

When was The American Society for Clinical Pathology was founded?

A

1922

121
Q

What was founded in 1992

A

The American Society for Clinical Pathology

122
Q

Who invented the microscope?

A

Zacharias Janssen

123
Q

What was the invention of Zacharias Janssen?

A

Microscope

124
Q

The first clinical laboratory in the Philippines is now known as the?

A

Medical Public Health Laboratory

125
Q

Who was the first graduate of the medical technology program.

A

Dr. Jesse Umali

126
Q

Who was built the San Lazaro Hospital for the poor and lepers.

A

Franciscans

127
Q

What was the Franciscans built for the poor and lepers.

A

San Lazaro Hospital

128
Q

What school established the first faculties of pharmacy and medicine is the

A

University of Santo Tomas

129
Q

What is the meaning of the acronym CDC

A

Centers of Disease Control and Prevention

130
Q

Who established the relationship between food intake and urine volume.

A

Galen

131
Q

What school opened the first school of Medical Technology in the Philippines.

A

Manila Sanitarium and Hospital

132
Q

It is the very first school to offer the complete four year college program in medical technology.

A

Philippine Union College of Baesa

133
Q

When did John Kolmer published “The Demand and Training of Laboratory Technicians”

A

1918

134
Q

A University was opened to highlight the role of clinical laboratories in the US

A

University of Pennsylvania’s William Pepper Laboratory of Clinical Medicine

135
Q

When was the University of Pennsylvania William Pepper’s Laboratory of Clinical Medicine was opened to highlight the service role of clinical laboratories.

A

1895

136
Q

What law did John Kolmer published which enacted requiring all hospitals to have fully equipped laboratory

A

The Demand for and Training of Laboratory Technicians

137
Q

When did the laboratories are directed by chief physician

A

1920

138
Q

How many divisions of clinical laboratory was established that are directed by chief physician

A

Four to Five divisions

139
Q

What was founded to encourage ethical relationship and cooperation between physician and clinical pathologist and technologists or technicians

A

The American Society for Clinical Pathology

140
Q

When did the US government gave recognition to Medical in Technologist regarding its educational qualification through licensure laws

A

1950’s

141
Q

The Spanish Empire established Manila as their capital.

A

Late 16th century

142
Q

When did the San Lazaro Hospital established?

A

1578

142
Q

When did Hospital de San Juan de Dios was founded for poor Spaniards.

A

1596

142
Q

What hospital was founded for poor Spaniards.

A

Hospital de San Juan de Dios

143
Q

Where did Hospital de San Jose was founded

A

Cavite

144
Q

When did the Hospital de San Jose was founded in Cavite.

A

1641

145
Q

When did the Dominicans founded the University of Santo Tomas

A

1611

146
Q

When is the publication Boletin de Medicina de Manila

A

1886

147
Q

When is the publication of Revista Farmaceutica de Filipinas

A

1893

148
Q

When is the publication of Cronicas de Ciencias Medicas

A

1895

149
Q

When did the central board of vaccination started producing and distributing vaccine lymph.

A

1806

151
Q

How many vacunadores did the central board of vaccination in Manila?

A

122

152
Q

When did the Central border vaccination had 122 regular vaccinators (vacunadores) in Manila and other major towns.

A

1898

153
Q

When did the provincial medical officers were appointed to provide health care services throughout the country.

A

1876

154
Q

When did the Laboratorio Municipal de Manila was established by the Spanish authorities for laboratory examinations of food, water, and clinical samples.

A

1887

155
Q

Who is the Philippine war hero who was employed as a chemical expert in this laboratory and pioneered water testing, forensics, and environmental studies.

A

General Antonio Luna

156
Q

When did the Spaniards who were considered to be authorities in medicine, started exploring the microbial causes of diseases.

A

End of 19th century

157
Q

When did the advancements in medicine and health care during the Spanish colonial rule broke down because of the Philippine-American war.

A

1899 to 1902

158
Q

When did the Spanish Military hospital was converted into the First Reserve Hospital

A

1898

159
Q

Who was a chief surgeon of the Division of the Pacific and Eighth Army Corps.

A

Lt. Col. Henry Lipincott

160
Q

Who converted the Spanish Military hospital into the First Reserve Hospital

A

Lt. Col. Henry Lipincott

161
Q

Who utilized the laboratory to perform autopsies and to examine blood, feces, and urine along with other laboratory services.

A

Richard P. Strong

162
Q

He was a well-known bacteriologist who took pain in preserving the first public health laboratory in Manila.

A

Alfredo Pio de Roda

163
Q

When did the US government establish a Bureau of Government Laboratories through the Philippine Commission, under the Philippine Commission Act No. 156.

A

1901

164
Q

Who is the bureau’s first director, ensured that the biological laboratory would be equipped with adequate supplies and equipment such as incubators, sterilizers, microscopes, microtomes, stains, glassware, and chemicals.

A

Paul Freer

165
Q

When did the Bureau worked with the Army Board for the Study of the Tropical Diseases until the latter was disbanded.

A

1914

166
Q

When did the laboratory received over 7000 fecal specimens, 900 urine specimens, and 700 blood specimens.

A

1909

167
Q

When did the University of the Philippines’ College of Public Health formally opened its Certificate in Public Health program with the aim to provide proper training to the Philippine Health Service’s medical offcers.

A

June 1927

168
Q

Japan attacked the whole of Manila through aerial assault and deployment of troops just ten hours after bombing Pearl Harbor.

A

December 8, 1941

170
Q

What medical laboratory was the first laboratory unit to be assigned in the South West Pacific Area.

A

3rd Medical Laboratory

171
Q

When did the 3rd Medical Laboratory was the first laboratory unit to be assigned in the South West Pacific Area (SWPA).

A

June 18, 1942

172
Q

When did the laboratories including the 3rd, 5th and 8th Medical Laboratories and the 19th Medical General Laboratory were relocated to the West Pacific Area after the US forces landed in Leyte.

A

1944

173
Q

It is where the first clinical laboratory in the Philippines was established during World War II by the 6th Infantry Division of the US army

A

Quiricada St., Sta. Cruz, Manila

174
Q

When did the US army left and the laboratory was endorsed to the National Department of Health

A

June 1945

175
Q

Who was the Manila City Health Offcer

A

Dr. Mariano Icasiano.

176
Q

When did the training program ended when the Bureau of Private Education approved a four-year course in Bachelor of Science in Medical Technology.

A

1954

Principles of Medical Laboratory Science 1 (4 decks)

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