Lesson 1 - Creating Java Programs Flashcards
Computer program
A set of instructions that you write to tell a computer what to do
Hardware vs Software
Hardware is computer equipment (keyboard or monitor)
Software is a computer program
Application software
Program that performs a task for the user
System Software
Program hat manages the computer itself
Logic
Determines the exact order of instructions to produce desired results
Machine language/code
Is the most basic set of instructions that a computer can execute
Low level programming language
A programming language that corresponds closely to a computers circuitry
High-level programming language
Allow you to use vocabulary of terms instead of sequences of binary to perform a task
Syntax
Rules about how language elements combine to produce usable commands
Program statements/Commands
Statements that carry out the tasks they want the program to perform
Compiler
Translates an entire program before executing tasks
Interpreter
Translation one program statement at a time, executing a statement as soon as it is translated
Syntax error
Invalid program statement
Text editor usually catches syntax errors
Bugs
Flaws in a program
Debugging
The process of removing flaws or errors from a program
Logic error
Bug that allows a program to run, but does not produce the desired result
Not a syntax error
Can only be fixed by reviewing the program
Also known as semantic errors
Procedural programming
Style of programming in which operations are executed one after another in a sequence
Create names that can hold values
Variables
Named computer memory locations
A name that can be assigned with a value
Ex.
rateOfPay
(It may contain different values based on the employee)
Procedures
Logical units that are groups of individual operations used in a computer program
Synonym: modules, methods, functions, subroutines
Object oriented programming
- creating classes, which are blueprints for objects
- creating objects, which are specific instances of this classes
- creating applications that manipulate or use those objects
Extension of procedural programming
Computer simulations
Programs (typically object-oriented) that try to mimic real world activities so that their processes can be improved
Graphical User Interfaces (GUI)
Program (typically object-oriented) that allow users to interact with a. Program in a graphical environment
Class
Term that describes a group or collection of objects with common properties
Class definition
Describes what attributes it’s objects will have and what those objects can do
Attributes
Also known as properties
Define an object
Object
Specific, concrete instance of a class
State (for an object)
Values of the properties of an object
Method
Def contained block of program code that carries out some action
Inheritance
The ability to create classes that share the attributes and methods of existing classes, but with more specific features.
Automobile is a class
Convertible inherited the attributes and methods of Automobile
Polymorphism
Feature of languages that allows the same word or symbol to be interpreted correctly in different situations based on context
Java
Object oriented language for general purpose business applications and for interactive, World Wide Web-based applications
Architecturally neutral
Can be used on any operating system
Java Virtual Machine
Java computer that runs on software not hardware. This allows it to be architecturally neutral
Source code
Programming statements written in a high level programming language
jGRASP
Free source code editor
Development enviroment
A set of tools that help you write programs by providing such features as displaying a languages keywords in color
Bytecode
Binary program
Java interpreter
Checks bytecode and communicated with operating system, executing instructions line by line in the JVM
Applets
Programs that are embedded in a web page
Java applications
Stand alone applications
Console applications
Java applications that support character or text output to a computer screen
Windowed applications
Java applications that create a GUI with elements such as menus, toolbars, and dialog boxes
Literal string
A series of characters that will appear in output exactly as entered.
Placed in double quotation marks
Arguments
Pieces of information sent to a method
Ex.
println(“Hi”);
Hi is argument
println is method
Passing arguments
Sending arguments to method
Standard output device
Generally denoted by out
Mostly am monitor
Access specifier
Defines circumstances under which a class can be accessed
Class body
Any data items or methods in a class
Contained in { }
Whitespace
Any combination of non printing characters
Static
Keyword that’s says the method is accessible and usable even though no objects of the class exist
Void
The method does not return any value when it is called
Parsing
Process compiler used to divide source code into meaningful portions
Run-time error
An error not detected until the program asks the computer to do something wrong while executing
Java API
Java class library
Contains info about how to use every prewritten Java class with list of methods that correspond to those classes
