Lesson 1, Ch. 2 Flashcards
(306 cards)
1
Q
Anatomic reference systems
A
Terms used to describe the location of body planes, directions and cavities and structural units
2
Q
Structures of the body
A
The cells, tissues and glands that form the body systems that work together to enable the body to function properly
3
Q
Genetics
A
The genetic components that transfer characteristics from parents to the child
4
Q
Tissues
A
A group of similarly specialized cells that work together to perform specific functions
5
Q
Glands
A
A group of specialized cells that is capable of producing secretions
6
Q
Body systems and related organs
A
Organs are somewhat independent parts of the body that performs specific functions. Organs with related functions are organized into body systems
7
Q
Pathology
A
The study of the nature and cause of disease that involve changes in structure and function
8
Q
Aden/o
A
Gland
9
Q
Adip/o
A
Fat
10
Q
Anter/o
A
Before, front
11
Q
Caud/o
A
Lower part of body, tail
12
Q
Cephal/o
A
Head
13
Q
Cyt/o, -cyte
A
Cell
14
Q
End-, endo-
A
In, within, inside
15
Q
Exo-
A
Out of, outside, away from
16
Q
Hist/o
A
Tissue
17
Q
-ology
A
The science or study of
18
Q
Path/o, -pathy
A
Disease, suffering, feeling, emotion
19
Q
Pla/i, plas/o, -plasia
A
Development, growth, formation
20
Q
Poster/o
A
Behind, toward the back
21
Q
-stasis, -static
A
Control, maintenance of a constant level
22
Q
Abdominal cavity
A
The cavity that contains the major organs of digestion
23
Q
Adenectomy
A
Ad-eh-neck-toh-mee
The surgical removal of a gland
24
Q
Adenocarcinoma
A
A malignant tumor that originates in glandular tissue. Aden/o means gland, carcin means cancerous, -oma means tumor
25
Adenoma
A benign tumor that arises in or resembles glandular tissue. Aden means gland, -oma means tumor
26
Adenomalacia
Abnormal softening of a gland. Aden/o means gland, -malaria means abnormal softening
27
Adenosclerosis
Abnormal hardening of a gland. Aden/o means gland, -sclerosis means abnormal hardening
28
Anaplasia
An-ah-play-zee-ah
A change in the structure of cells and in their orientation to each other. Ana- means backward, -plasma means formation.this abnormal cell development is characteristic of tumor formation in cancers
29
Anatomy
The study of the structures of the body
30
Anomaly
A deviation from what is regarded as normal
31
Anterior
Situated in front, also known as central surface. Ex. The stomach is located anterior to (in front of) the pancreas. Also used in reference to the ventral surface of the body
32
Aplasia
Ah-play-zee-ah
The defective development or congenital absence of an organ or tissue. A- means without, -plasia means formation
33
Bloodborne transmission
The spread of a disease through contact with blood or other body fluids contaminated with blood
34
Caudal
Toward the lower part of the body
35
Cephalic
Toward the head
36
Chromosome
A genetic structure located within the nucleus of each cell. Made up of DNA molecular containing the body's genes. Each chromosome contains about 100,000 genes
37
Communicable disease
Any disease transmitted from one person to another either directly or by indirect contact with contaminated objects
38
Congenital disorder
An abnormal condition that exists at the time of birth
39
Cytoplasm
Sigh-toh-plazm
The material located within the cell membrane that is not part of the nucleus. Cyt/o means cell, -plasm means formative material of cells
40
Distal
Situated farthest from the midline or beginning of a body structure. Ex. The distal end of the humerus forms part of the elbow.
41
Dorsal
Back of the body or organ
42
Dysplasia
Abnormal development or growth of cells, tissues or organs. Dys- means bad, -plasma means formation
43
Endemic
Referring to the ongoing presence of a disease, such as a common cold, within a population, group or area. En- means within, dem means population, -ic means pertaining to
44
Endocrine glands
Glands that secrete hormones directly into the bloodstream. Endo- means within,-crine means to secrete.
45
Epidemic
A sudden and widespread outbreak of a disease within a specific population group or area. Epi- means above, dem means population, -ic means pertaining to
46
Epigastric region
The region located above the stomach. Epi- means above, gastr means stomach, -ic means pertaining to
47
Etiology
The study of the causes of diseases
48
Exocrine glands
Glands that secrete chemical substances into ducts leading either to other organs or out of the body. Exo- means out of, -crine means to secrete
49
Functional disorder
Produces symptoms for which no physiological or anatomical cause can be identified
50
Genetic disorder
A pathological condition caused by an absent or defective gene, also known as hereditary disorder.
51
Geriatrician
Jer-ee-ah-trish-un
A physician who specializes in the care of older people
52
Hemophilia
A group of hereditary bleeding disorders in which a blood-clotting factor is missing. This blood coagulation disorder is characterized by spontaneous hemorrhages or sever bleeding following an injury
53
Histology
The microscopic study of the structure, composition function of tissues. Hist means tissue, -ology means study of
54
Homeostasis
The process through which the body maintains a constant internal environment . Home/o means constant, -stasis means control
55
Hyperplasia
The enlargement of an organ or tissue because of an abnormal increase in the number of cells in the tissues. Hyper- means excessive, -plasma means formation
56
Hypertrophy
A general increase in the bulk of a body part or organ that is due to an increase in the size, but not in the number, of the cells in the tissues. Hyper- means excessive, -trophy means development
57
Hypogastric region
The region of the abdomen that is located below the stomach. Hypo-means below, gastr means stomach, -ic means pertaining to
58
Hypoplasia
The incomplete development of an organ or tissue usually due to a deficiency in the number of cells. Hypo- means deficient, -plasma means formation
59
iatrogenic illness
Eye-at-roh-jen-ick
Unfavorable response due to a prescribed medical treatment .
60
idiopathic disorder
An illness without known cause. idi/o means peculiar to the individual, path means disease, -ic means pertaining to
61
Infectious disease
Illness caused by a living pathogenic organisms such as bacteria and viruses
62
inguinal
ing-gwih-nal
Relating to the groin, refers to the entire lower portion of the abdomen including the groin
63
Medial
The direction toward or nearer the midline. Ex. The medial ligament of the knee is near the inner surface of the leg
64
Mesentery
The fused double layer of the parietal peritoneum that attaches parts of the intestine to the interior abdominal wall
65
Midsagittal plane
The vertical plane that divides the body, from top to bottom, into equal left and right halves
66
Nosocomial infection
Nahs-oh-koh-mee-al
A disease acquired in a hospital or clinical setting. Nosocomial comes from Greek word hospital
67
Pandemic
A disease outbreak occurring over a large geographic area, possibly worldwide. Pan- means entire, dem means population, -ic means pertaining to
68
Pelvic cavity
The space formed by the hip bones that contains the organs of the reproductive and excretory systems
69
Peritoneum
The multilayered membrane that protects and holds the organs in place within the abdominal cavity
70
Peritonitis
Inflammation of the peritoneum
71
Phenylketonuria
Fen-il-kee-toh-new-ree-ah
A genetic disorder in which the essential digestive enzyme phenylalanine hydroxylase is missing. Without early detection and treatment, PKU causes severe intellectual disability, formerly referred to as mental retardation
72
Physiology
The study of the functions of the body structures. Physi- means nature or physical, -ology means study of
73
Posterior
Situated in back or on the back part of an organ. Also known as dorsal surface. Poster means back or toward the back, -ior means pertaining to. Ex. The pancreas is located posterior to (behind) the stomach.
74
Proximal
Situated nearest the midline or beginning of a body structure. Ex. The proximal end of the humerus bone (bone of the upper arm) forms part of the shoulder
75
Retroperitoneal
Located behind the peritoneum. Retro- means behind, periton means peritoneum, -eal means pertaining to
76
Stem cells
Unspecialized cells that renew themselves for long periods of time through cell division
77
Thoracic cavity
The cavity that surrounds and protects the heart and the lungs, also known as chest cavity
78
Transverse plane
The horizontal plane that divides the body into upper and lower portions
79
Umbilicus
The pit in the center of the abdominal wall that marks where the umbilical cord was attached before birth
80
Vector-borne transmission
The spread of a disease due to the bite of a vector capable of transmitting that disease
81
Ventral
Refers to the front or belly side of the body or organ
82
Body system
When body parts work together to perform a related function, they are grouped together and known as body system
83
Anatomic position
Describes the body standing in the standard position including sanding up straight so that the body is erect and facing forward or holding the arms at the sides with the hands turned so that the palms face toward the front
84
Body planes
Imaginary vertical and horizontal lines used to divide the body into sections for descriptive purposes
85
Vertical plane
Up and down plane that is at a right angle to the horizon
86
Sagittal plane
Vertical plane that divides the body into unequal left and right portions
87
Frontal plane
Vertical plane that divides the body into anterior (front) and posterior (back) portions. Also known as coronal plane
88
Coronal plane
Also known as frontal plane. Located at right angles to the sagittal plane
89
Horizontal plane
Flat, crosswire plane such as a horizon
90
Body directions
Cephalic, caudal, anterior, posterior
Proximal, distal, medial, lateral
91
Body cavities
Dorsal, central. Spaces within the body that contains and protect internal organs
92
Dorsal cavity
Located along the back of the body and head contains organs of the nervous system that coordinate body functions and is divided into two portions: cranial cavity and spinal cavity
93
Cranial cavity
Located within the skull, surrounds and protects the brain
94
Spinal cavity
Located within the spinal column, surrounds and protects the spinal cord
95
Ventral cavity
Located along the front of the body, contains the body organs that sustains homeostasis. Ventral cavity is divided into: thoracic cavity, abdominal cavity, pelvic cavity
96
Diaphragm
A muscle that separates the thoracic and abdominal cavities
97
Abdominopelvic cavity
Two cavities as single unit, there is no physical division between the abdominal and pelvic cavities. Abdomin/o means abdomen, pelvic meams pelvic, -ic means pertaining to
98
Groin
Crease at the junction of the trunk with the upper end of the thigh.
99
9 parts of regions of thorax and abdomen
Right and left hypochondriac regions
Epigastric region
Right and left lumbar regions
Umbilical region
Right and left Iliad regions
Hypogastric region
100
Iliac regions
Located near the hip bones. ili- means hip bone, -ac means pertaining to
101
Umbilical region
Surrounds the umbilicus which is commonly known as belly button or navel.
102
Lumbar regions
Located near the inward curve of the spine. Lumb means lower back, -AR means pertaining to
103
Lumbar
Part of the back between the ribs and the pelvis
104
Hypochondriac region
Covered by the lower ribs. Hypo- means below, chondr/i means cartilage, -ac means pertaining to
105
Hypochondriac
Below the ribs
106
Four quadrants of abdomen
Divide abdomen in four imaginary quadrants:
Right upper quadrants (RUQ)
Left upper quadrants (LUQ)
Right lower quadrant(RLQ)
Left lower quadrants (LLQ)
107
Quadrant
Divided into four
108
Membrane
Thin layer of tissue that covers the surface, lines a cavity, or divides a space or organ
109
Parietal peritoneum
Outer layer of the peritoneum that lines the interior of the abdominal wall
110
Parietal
Cavity wall
111
Visceral peritoneum
Inner layer of the peritoneum that surrounds the organs of the abdominal cavity
112
Visceral
Relating to the internal organs
113
Cells
Basic structural and functional units of the body. Cells are specialized and grouped together to form tissues and organs
114
Cytology
Study of the anatomy, physiology, pathology and chemistry of the cell
115
Cytologist
A specialist in the study and analysis of cells
116
Cell membrane
Tissue that surrounds and protects the contents of a cell from the external environment
117
Nucleus
Surrounded by the nuclear membranes, is a structure within the cell. Has two important functions: it controls the activities of the cell, and it helps the cell divide
118
Adult stem cells
Also known as somatic stem cells, undifferentiated cells found among differentiated cells in a tissue or organ. Primary role of these cells is to maintain and repair the tissue in which they are found
119
Undifferentiated
Not having a specialized function or structure
120
Differentiated
Having a specialized function or structure
121
Hemopoietic
Blood forming
122
Graft-versus-host diseases
Rejection of transplant between donor and recipient
123
Embryonic stem cells
Undifferentiated cells that are unlike any specific adult cell, came from the cord blood in the umbilical cord and placenta of a newborn infant.
124
Embryo
A developing child during in its first eight weeks in the womb. Embry/o means fertilized ovum, -nic means pertaining to
125
Proliferate
Grow rapidly
126
Gene
Fundamental physical and functional unit of hereditary.
127
Genetics
Study of how genes are transferred from parents to their children and the role of genes in health and disease. Gene means producing, -tics means pertaining to
128
Dominant gene
Inherited from either parent, the offspring will inherit their genetic condition or characteristics
129
Recessive gene
Inherited from both parents, the offering will have that condition. When recessive gene is Inherited from one parent, and a normal gene is Inherited from other parent, offspring will not have the condition
130
Genome
Complete set of genetic information of an organism.
131
Somatic cell
Any cell in the body except the gametes. Contains 46 chromosomes arranged into 23 pairs
132
Gamete
Sperm or egg, also known as sex cell. Only type of cell that does not contain 46 chromosomes. Instead, each ovum (egg) or supermarket has 23 single chromosomes
133
DNA
located on the pairs of chromosomes in the nucleus of each cell, is the same for all living organisms. Packaged in a chromosome as two spiraling strands that twist together to form a double helix. Abbreviation for deoxyribonucleic acid
134
Helix
Shape twisted like a spiral staircase
135
Double helix
Consists of two of these strands twisted together
136
Genetic mutation
Change of the sequence of a DNA molecule. Causes are exposure to radiation or environmental pollution
137
Somatic cell mutation
Change within the cells of the body. These changes affect the individual but cannot be transmitted to the next generation
138
Gametic cell mutation
Change within the genes in a gamete that can be transmitted by a parent to child
139
Genetic engineering
Manipulating or splicing of genes for scientific or medical purposes
140
Cystic fibrosis
Genetic disorder that is present at birth and affects both the respiratory and digestive systems. CF
141
Down syndrome
DS. genetic variation that is associated with a characteristic facial appearance, learning disabilities, development delays, and physical abnormalities. Genetic disorder usually caused by the presence of a third copy of the 21st chromosome. Also known as trisomy 21
142
Huntington's disease
HD. genetic disorder that is passed from parent to child. This condition causes nerve degeneration with symptoms that most often appear in midlife. This damage eventually results in uncontrolled movements and the loss of some mental abilities
143
Degeneration
Worsening condition
144
Muscular dystrophy
MS. group of genetic diseases that are characterized by progressive weakness and degeneration of the skeletal muscles that control movement
145
Tissue
Group or layer of similarly specialized cells that join together to perform certain specific functions
146
Histologist
Non-physician specialist who studies the microscopic structure of tissues
147
4 main types of tissues
Epithelial tissue
Connective tissue
Muscle tissue
Nerve tissue
148
Epithelial tissue
Ep-ih-thee-lee-a
Forms a protective covering for all of the internal and external surfaces of the body. These tissues also form glands. Two types: epithelium and endothelium
149
Epithelium
Specialized epithelial tissue that forms the epidermis of the skin and the surface layer of mucous membranes
150
Endothelium
Specialized epithelial tissue that lines the blood and lymph vessels, body cavities, glands, and organs
151
Connective tissue
Support and connect organs and other body tissues.
152
4 types of connective tissues
Dense connective tissue
Adipose tissue
Loose connective tissue
Liquid connective tissue
153
Dense connective tissue
Bone and cartilage, form the joints and framework of the body
154
Adipose tissue
Also known as fat, provides protective padding, insulation, and support. Adip means fat, -ose means pertaining to
155
Loose connective tissue
Surrounds various organs and supports both nerve cells and blood vessels
156
Liquid connective tissue
Blood and lymph, transport nutrients and waste products throughout the body
157
Muscle tissue
Contains cells with the specialized ability to contract and relax
158
Nerve tissue
Contains cells with the specialized ability to react to stimuli and to conduct electrical impulses
159
Gland
Group of specialized epithelial cells that are capable of producing secretions
160
Two types of glands
Exocrine gland
Endocrine glands
161
Adenoids
A mass of gland-like lymphoid tissue at the back of the upper pharaynx
162
Adenitis
Inflammation of the gland. Aden means gland, -itis means inflammation
163
Malignant
Harmful, capable of spreading, and potentially life threatening
164
Benign
Not life threatening
165
Adenosis
Any disease or condition of a gland. Aden means gland, -osis means abnormal condition or disease
166
Adenectomy
Surgical removal of a gland. Aden means gland, -ectomy means surgical removal
167
Organ
Somewhat independent part of the body that performs a specific function
168
Major body systems
Skeletal systems
Muscular systems
Cardiovascular systems
Lymphatic system
Immune system
Respiratory system
Digestive system
Urinary system
Nervous system
Special senses
Integumentary system
Endocrine system
Reproductive system
169
Skeletal system
Bones, joints, and cartilages. Supports and shapes the body. Protects the internal organs. Forms some blood cells and stores minerals
170
Muscular system
Muscles, fascia, and tendons. Holds the body erect. Makes movement possible. Moves body fluids and generates body heat
171
Cardiovascular system
Heart, arteries, veins, capillaries, and blood. Blood circulates throughout the body to transport oxygen and nutrients to cells, and to carry waste products to the kidneys where waste to removed by filtration
172
Lymphatic system
Lymph, lymphatic vessels, and kymph nodes. Removes and transports waste products from the fluid between the cells. Destroys harmful substances such as pathogens and cancer cells in the lymph nodes. Returns the filtered lymph to the bloodstream where it becomes plasma again
173
Immune system
Tonsils, spleen, thymus, skin, and specialized blood cells. Defends the body against invading pathogens and allergens
174
Respiratory system
Nose, pharynx, trachea, larynx, and lungs. Brings oxygen into the body for transportation to the cells. Removes carbon dioxide and some water waste from the body
175
Digestive system
Mouth, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, liver, and pancreas. Digests ingested food so it can be absorbed into the bloodstream. Eliminates solid waste
176
Urinary system
Kidneys, ureter, urinary bladder, and urethra. Filters blood to remove waste. Maintains the electrolyte and fluid balance within the body
177
Nervous system
Nerves, brain, and spinal cord. Coordinates the reception of stimuli. Transmits messages throughout the body
178
Special senses
Eyes and ears. Receive visual and auditory information and transmit it to the brain
179
Integumentary system
Skin, sebaceous glands, and sweat glands. Protects the body against invasion by bacteria. Aids in regulating the body temperature and water content
180
Endocrine system
Adrenal glands, gonads, pancreas, parathyroid, pineal, pituitary, thymus, and thyroid. Integrates all body functions
181
Reproductive system
Male: penis and testicle
Female: ovaries, uterus, and vagina
Produces new life
182
Pathology
Study of disease, it's nature and cause as well as the produced changes in structure and function. Also means a condition produced by disease. Path/o means word root (combining form), -pathy means disease, also mean suffering, feeling, and emotion
183
Pathologist
A physician who specializes in the laboratory analysis of diseased tissue samples to confirm or establish a diagnosis. Path means disease, -ologist means specialist
184
Etiology
Study of causes of diseases. Eti- means cause, -ology means study of
185
Pathogen
Disease-producing microorganisms such as a virus
186
Transmission
Spread of a disease
187
Contamination
Pathogen is possibly present. Occurs through a lack of proper hygiene standards or by failure to take appropriate infection control precautions
188
Communicable disease
Also known as contagious disease, any condition that is transmitted from one person to another either directly or by indirect contact with contaminated objects
189
Communicable
Capable of being transmitted
190
Indirect contact transmission
Refers to situations in which a susceptible person is infected by contact with a contaminated surface
191
Bloodborne transmission
Spread of a disease through contact with infected blood or other body fluids that are contaminated by infected blood
192
Droplet transmission
Spread of diseases such as measles, cold, and flu through large respiratory droplets sprayed by coughing or sneezing onto a nearby person or object
193
Airborne transmission
Occurs through contact with germs floating in the air
194
Food-borne and waterborne transmission
Also known as fecal-oral transmission, caused by eating or drinking contaminated food or water that has not been properly treated to remove contamination or kill any pathogens present
195
Vector
Insects or animals such as flies, fleas, ticks, rats, and dogs that are capable of transmitting a disease. Mosquitos are most common vectors.
196
Epidemiologist
Specialist in the study of outbreaks of disease within a population group. Epi- means above, dem/I means population, -ologist means specialist
197
Organic disorder
Produces symptoms caused by detectable physical change in the body. Ex: chicken pox
198
Congenital
Existing at birth
199
Developmental disorder
Also known as birth defects, can result in an anomaly or malformation such as the absence of a limb or the presence of an extra toe
200
Anomaly
Deviation from what is regarded as normal
201
Atresia
Describes the congenital absence of a normal body opening or the failure of a structure to be tubular
202
Anal atresia
Congenital absence of an opening at the bottom end of the anus
203
Pulmonary atresia
Absence of a pulmonary valve
204
Prenatal influences
Mother's health, her behavior, and the prenatal medical care she does or does not receive before delivery
205
Rubella
Birth defects often develop if a pregnant woman contracts this viral infection early in her pregnancy
206
Fetal alcohol syndrome
FAS, caused by mother's consumption of alcohol during the pregnancy
207
Premature birth
Birth that occurs earlier than 37 weeks of development, can cause serious health problems because the baby's body systems have not had time to form completely
208
Birth injuries
Congenital disorders that were not present before the events surrounding the time of birth
209
Cerebral palsy
Result of brain damage, can be caused by premature birth or inadequate oxygen to the brain during the birth process
210
Geriatrics
The study of the medical problems and care of older people, also known as gerontology
211
Postmortem
After death
212
Autopsy
Postmortem examination
213
Allied health professions
Roles outside of medicine, nursing and pharmacy. Includes dental hygienists, EMT, Nutritionists
214
Primary care provider
PCP, health care specialists such as General practitioner, internist, pediatrician, geriatrician, nurse practitioner, physician assistant
215
General practitioner
Family practice physician, provides ongoing care for patients of all ages
216
Internist
Physician who specializes in diagnosing and treating disease and disorders of the internal organs and related body systems
217
Nurse practitioner
Nurse with graduate training who often works as primary care provider
218
Physician assistant
PA, licensed professional who works under the supervision of a physician
219
Medical receptionist
Schedules and registers patients for appointments and may also work as a medical assistant
220
Medical assistant
Clinical medical assistant. Performs administrative and clinical tasks in a doctor's office
221
Certified medical assistant
CMA, medical assistant certified through the American Association of Medical Assistants
222
Medical coder
Reviews patients' medical records and assigns appropriate codes for treatment and services provided to each patient based on codes for medical diagnoses, equipment and procedures
223
Acuity
Refers to the level of severity of an illness
224
Licensed vocational nurse
LVN, known as licensed practical nurse (LPN) works under the supervision of a doctor or RN to provide basic patient care
225
Certified nursing assistant
CNA, works under supervision of a RN to provide basic care
226
Intensive care unit
ICU, critical care unit, provides continuously monitored care for critically ill patients
227
Intensivist
Physician specializing in the care of critically ill patients hospitalized in the ICU
228
Hospitalist
Physician focusing on the general medical care of hospitalized patients
229
Telemetry unit
Provides continuous cardiac monitoring for patients with heart problems not requiring intensive care. Tele means distant. -metry means to measure
230
Telemetry
Refers to the electronic transmission of data about the patient's heart rhythm
231
A&P
Anatomy and physiology
232
CD
Communicable disease
233
CH, chr
Chromosome
234
DNA
Deoxyribonucleic acid
235
Epid
Epidemic
236
GP
General practitioner
237
HD
Huntington's disease
238
PA
Physician assistant
239
Superior
Uppermost, above, or toward the head. Ex. The lungs are located superior to (above) the diaphragm
240
Inferior
Lowermost, below, or toward the feet. Ex. The stomach is located inferior to (beloe) the diaphragm
241
Lateral
Direction toward, or nearer, the side of the body, away from the midline. Ex. The lateral ligament of the knee is near the side of the leg.
242
Bilateral
Relating to, or having, two sides
243
Hippocrates II
Greek physician with the oldest written sources of medicine, 5th and 4th centuries BC, beginning of Greek Era of the language of medicine
244
Aulus celsus
Roman aristocrat, 1st century AD, began translating Greek medical texts into Latin.
245
Nephr/o
Ren/o
Kidney
Nephr/o = Greek
Ren/o =latin
246
Hyster/o
Uter/o
Uterus
Greek=latin
247
Mast/o
Mamm/o
Breast
Greek=latin
248
Phleb/o
Ven/o
Vein
Greek=latin
249
Colp/o
Vagin/o
Vagina
Greek=latin
250
Oophor/o
Ovari/o
Ovary
Greek=latin
251
Or/o
Stomat/o
Mouth
Greek=latin
252
Angi/o
Vascul/o
Blood vessel
Greek=latin
253
Blephar/o
Eyelid
254
Bronch/o
Bronchus, air passages of the lungs
255
Colon/o
Col/o
Colon, large intestine
256
Cyst/o
Bladder
257
Dermat/o
Skin
258
Encephal/o
Brain
259
Enter/o
Small intestine
260
Gingiv/o
Gums
261
Gloss/o
Tongue
262
Hemat/o
Blood
263
Hepat/o
Liver
264
Lapar/o
Abdomen, abdominal wall
265
Ophthalm/o
Eye
266
Orchi/o
Testicle
267
Osteo/o
Bone
268
Ot/o
Ear
269
Pharyng/o
Pharynx (throat)
270
Salping/o
Fallopian tube
271
Splen/o
Spleen
272
Thyr/o
Thyroid gland
273
Arthrodesis
Fusion of a joint
274
-penia
Deficiency
275
-pexy
Surgical fixation
276
-pnea
Breathing
277
-scope
Instrument for viewing
278
-uria
Urination, urine
279
Brady-
Slow
280
Hemi-
One half
281
Tachy-
Rapid
282
BMI
Body mass index
283
CBC
Complete blood count
284
CKD
Chronic kidney disease
285
CTA
Clear to auscultation
286
DM
Diabetes mellitus
287
HTN
Hypertension
288
mg
Milligram
289
NCAT
Normocephalic/atraumatic
290
RRR
Regular rate and rhythm
291
RRT
Renal replacement therapy
292
Vertebra
Plural
Vertebrae
293
Thorax
Plural
Thoraces
294
Index
Plural
Indices
295
Appendix
Plural
Appendices
296
Diagnosis
Plural
Diagnoses
297
Bacterium
Plural
Bacteria
298
Nevus
Plural
Nevi
299
HIV
Human immunodeficiency virus, 1981
300
SIRS
Systemic inflammatory response syndrome, came out in 1983 but not adopted by physicians until 1991
301
SARS
Severe acute respiratory syndrome, Asia in 2002, outbreak contained in 2003.
302
fMRI
Functional MRI, shape research into the study of the human brain in action. Learn valuable information about diseases including depression, autism, memory disorders
303
Intellectual disorder
Replaces term for mental retardation
304
Substance use disorder
Replaces term for drug addiction or drug dependence
305
Person with a substance use disorder
Replaces term with addict or alcholic
306
Adiposity-based chronic disease
New term for obesity
