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Lesson 1 > Lesson 1, Ch. 2 > Flashcards

Lesson 1, Ch. 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Anatomic reference systems

A

Terms used to describe the location of body planes, directions and cavities and structural units

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2
Q

Structures of the body

A

The cells, tissues and glands that form the body systems that work together to enable the body to function properly

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3
Q

Genetics

A

The genetic components that transfer characteristics from parents to the child

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4
Q

Tissues

A

A group of similarly specialized cells that work together to perform specific functions

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5
Q

Glands

A

A group of specialized cells that is capable of producing secretions

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6
Q

Body systems and related organs

A

Organs are somewhat independent parts of the body that performs specific functions. Organs with related functions are organized into body systems

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7
Q

Pathology

A

The study of the nature and cause of disease that involve changes in structure and function

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8
Q

Aden/o

A

Gland

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9
Q

Adip/o

A

Fat

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10
Q

Anter/o

A

Before, front

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11
Q

Caud/o

A

Lower part of body, tail

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12
Q

Cephal/o

A

Head

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13
Q

Cyt/o, -cyte

A

Cell

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14
Q

End-, endo-

A

In, within, inside

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15
Q

Exo-

A

Out of, outside, away from

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16
Q

Hist/o

A

Tissue

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17
Q

-ology

A

The science or study of

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18
Q

Path/o, -pathy

A

Disease, suffering, feeling, emotion

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19
Q

Pla/i, plas/o, -plasia

A

Development, growth, formation

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20
Q

Poster/o

A

Behind, toward the back

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21
Q

-stasis, -static

A

Control, maintenance of a constant level

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22
Q

Abdominal cavity

A

The cavity that contains the major organs of digestion

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23
Q

Adenectomy

A

Ad-eh-neck-toh-mee
The surgical removal of a gland

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24
Q

Adenocarcinoma

A

A malignant tumor that originates in glandular tissue. Aden/o means gland, carcin means cancerous, -oma means tumor

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25
Q

Adenoma

A

A benign tumor that arises in or resembles glandular tissue. Aden means gland, -oma means tumor

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26
Q

Adenomalacia

A

Abnormal softening of a gland. Aden/o means gland, -malaria means abnormal softening

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27
Q

Adenosclerosis

A

Abnormal hardening of a gland. Aden/o means gland, -sclerosis means abnormal hardening

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28
Q

Anaplasia

A

An-ah-play-zee-ah
A change in the structure of cells and in their orientation to each other. Ana- means backward, -plasma means formation.this abnormal cell development is characteristic of tumor formation in cancers

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29
Q

Anatomy

A

The study of the structures of the body

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30
Q

Anomaly

A

A deviation from what is regarded as normal

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31
Q

Anterior

A

Situated in front, also known as central surface. Ex. The stomach is located anterior to (in front of) the pancreas. Also used in reference to the ventral surface of the body

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32
Q

Aplasia

A

Ah-play-zee-ah
The defective development or congenital absence of an organ or tissue. A- means without, -plasia means formation

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33
Q

Bloodborne transmission

A

The spread of a disease through contact with blood or other body fluids contaminated with blood

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34
Q

Caudal

A

Toward the lower part of the body

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35
Q

Cephalic

A

Toward the head

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36
Q

Chromosome

A

A genetic structure located within the nucleus of each cell. Made up of DNA molecular containing the body’s genes. Each chromosome contains about 100,000 genes

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37
Q

Communicable disease

A

Any disease transmitted from one person to another either directly or by indirect contact with contaminated objects

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38
Q

Congenital disorder

A

An abnormal condition that exists at the time of birth

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39
Q

Cytoplasm

A

Sigh-toh-plazm
The material located within the cell membrane that is not part of the nucleus. Cyt/o means cell, -plasm means formative material of cells

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40
Q

Distal

A

Situated farthest from the midline or beginning of a body structure. Ex. The distal end of the humerus forms part of the elbow.

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41
Q

Dorsal

A

Back of the body or organ

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42
Q

Dysplasia

A

Abnormal development or growth of cells, tissues or organs. Dys- means bad, -plasma means formation

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43
Q

Endemic

A

Referring to the ongoing presence of a disease, such as a common cold, within a population, group or area. En- means within, dem means population, -ic means pertaining to

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44
Q

Endocrine glands

A

Glands that secrete hormones directly into the bloodstream. Endo- means within,-crine means to secrete.

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45
Q

Epidemic

A

A sudden and widespread outbreak of a disease within a specific population group or area. Epi- means above, dem means population, -ic means pertaining to

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46
Q

Epigastric region

A

The region located above the stomach. Epi- means above, gastr means stomach, -ic means pertaining to

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47
Q

Etiology

A

The study of the causes of diseases

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48
Q

Exocrine glands

A

Glands that secrete chemical substances into ducts leading either to other organs or out of the body. Exo- means out of, -crine means to secrete

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49
Q

Functional disorder

A

Produces symptoms for which no physiological or anatomical cause can be identified

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50
Q

Genetic disorder

A

A pathological condition caused by an absent or defective gene, also known as hereditary disorder.

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51
Q

Geriatrician

A

Jer-ee-ah-trish-un
A physician who specializes in the care of older people

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52
Q

Hemophilia

A

A group of hereditary bleeding disorders in which a blood-clotting factor is missing. This blood coagulation disorder is characterized by spontaneous hemorrhages or sever bleeding following an injury

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53
Q

Histology

A

The microscopic study of the structure, composition function of tissues. Hist means tissue, -ology means study of

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54
Q

Homeostasis

A

The process through which the body maintains a constant internal environment . Home/o means constant, -stasis means control

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55
Q

Hyperplasia

A

The enlargement of an organ or tissue because of an abnormal increase in the number of cells in the tissues. Hyper- means excessive, -plasma means formation

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56
Q

Hypertrophy

A

A general increase in the bulk of a body part or organ that is due to an increase in the size, but not in the number, of the cells in the tissues. Hyper- means excessive, -trophy means development

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57
Q

Hypogastric region

A

The region of the abdomen that is located below the stomach. Hypo-means below, gastr means stomach, -ic means pertaining to

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58
Q

Hypoplasia

A

The incomplete development of an organ or tissue usually due to a deficiency in the number of cells. Hypo- means deficient, -plasma means formation

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59
Q

iatrogenic illness

A

Eye-at-roh-jen-ick
Unfavorable response due to a prescribed medical treatment .

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60
Q

idiopathic disorder

A

An illness without known cause. idi/o means peculiar to the individual, path means disease, -ic means pertaining to

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61
Q

Infectious disease

A

Illness caused by a living pathogenic organisms such as bacteria and viruses

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62
Q

inguinal

A

ing-gwih-nal
Relating to the groin, refers to the entire lower portion of the abdomen including the groin

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63
Q

Medial

A

The direction toward or nearer the midline. Ex. The medial ligament of the knee is near the inner surface of the leg

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64
Q

Mesentery

A

The fused double layer of the parietal peritoneum that attaches parts of the intestine to the interior abdominal wall

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65
Q

Midsagittal plane

A

The vertical plane that divides the body, from top to bottom, into equal left and right halves

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66
Q

Nosocomial infection

A

Nahs-oh-koh-mee-al
A disease acquired in a hospital or clinical setting. Nosocomial comes from Greek word hospital

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67
Q

Pandemic

A

A disease outbreak occurring over a large geographic area, possibly worldwide. Pan- means entire, dem means population, -ic means pertaining to

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68
Q

Pelvic cavity

A

The space formed by the hip bones that contains the organs of the reproductive and excretory systems

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69
Q

Peritoneum

A

The multilayered membrane that protects and holds the organs in place within the abdominal cavity

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70
Q

Peritonitis

A

Inflammation of the peritoneum

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71
Q

Phenylketonuria

A

Fen-il-kee-toh-new-ree-ah
A genetic disorder in which the essential digestive enzyme phenylalanine hydroxylase is missing. Without early detection and treatment, PKU causes severe intellectual disability, formerly referred to as mental retardation

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72
Q

Physiology

A

The study of the functions of the body structures. Physi- means nature or physical, -ology means study of

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73
Q

Posterior

A

Situated in back or on the back part of an organ. Also known as dorsal surface. Poster means back or toward the back, -ior means pertaining to. Ex. The pancreas is located posterior to (behind) the stomach.

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74
Q

Proximal

A

Situated nearest the midline or beginning of a body structure. Ex. The proximal end of the humerus bone (bone of the upper arm) forms part of the shoulder

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75
Q

Retroperitoneal

A

Located behind the peritoneum. Retro- means behind, periton means peritoneum, -eal means pertaining to

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76
Q

Stem cells

A

Unspecialized cells that renew themselves for long periods of time through cell division

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77
Q

Thoracic cavity

A

The cavity that surrounds and protects the heart and the lungs, also known as chest cavity

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78
Q

Transverse plane

A

The horizontal plane that divides the body into upper and lower portions

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79
Q

Umbilicus

A

The pit in the center of the abdominal wall that marks where the umbilical cord was attached before birth

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80
Q

Vector-borne transmission

A

The spread of a disease due to the bite of a vector capable of transmitting that disease

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81
Q

Ventral

A

Refers to the front or belly side of the body or organ

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82
Q

Body system

A

When body parts work together to perform a related function, they are grouped together and known as body system

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83
Q

Anatomic position

A

Describes the body standing in the standard position including sanding up straight so that the body is erect and facing forward or holding the arms at the sides with the hands turned so that the palms face toward the front

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84
Q

Body planes

A

Imaginary vertical and horizontal lines used to divide the body into sections for descriptive purposes

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85
Q

Vertical plane

A

Up and down plane that is at a right angle to the horizon

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86
Q

Sagittal plane

A

Vertical plane that divides the body into unequal left and right portions

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87
Q

Frontal plane

A

Vertical plane that divides the body into anterior (front) and posterior (back) portions. Also known as coronal plane

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88
Q

Coronal plane

A

Also known as frontal plane. Located at right angles to the sagittal plane

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89
Q

Horizontal plane

A

Flat, crosswire plane such as a horizon

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90
Q

Body directions

A

Cephalic, caudal, anterior, posterior
Proximal, distal, medial, lateral

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91
Q

Body cavities

A

Dorsal, central. Spaces within the body that contains and protect internal organs

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92
Q

Dorsal cavity

A

Located along the back of the body and head contains organs of the nervous system that coordinate body functions and is divided into two portions: cranial cavity and spinal cavity

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93
Q

Cranial cavity

A

Located within the skull, surrounds and protects the brain

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94
Q

Spinal cavity

A

Located within the spinal column, surrounds and protects the spinal cord

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95
Q

Ventral cavity

A

Located along the front of the body, contains the body organs that sustains homeostasis. Ventral cavity is divided into: thoracic cavity, abdominal cavity, pelvic cavity

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96
Q

Diaphragm

A

A muscle that separates the thoracic and abdominal cavities

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97
Q

Abdominopelvic cavity

A

Two cavities as single unit, there is no physical division between the abdominal and pelvic cavities. Abdomin/o means abdomen, pelvic meams pelvic, -ic means pertaining to

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98
Q

Groin

A

Crease at the junction of the trunk with the upper end of the thigh.

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99
Q

9 parts of regions of thorax and abdomen

A

Right and left hypochondriac regions
Epigastric region
Right and left lumbar regions
Umbilical region
Right and left Iliad regions
Hypogastric region

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100
Q

Iliac regions

A

Located near the hip bones. ili- means hip bone, -ac means pertaining to

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101
Q

Umbilical region

A

Surrounds the umbilicus which is commonly known as belly button or navel.

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102
Q

Lumbar regions

A

Located near the inward curve of the spine. Lumb means lower back, -AR means pertaining to

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103
Q

Lumbar

A

Part of the back between the ribs and the pelvis

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104
Q

Hypochondriac region

A

Covered by the lower ribs. Hypo- means below, chondr/i means cartilage, -ac means pertaining to

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105
Q

Hypochondriac

A

Below the ribs

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106
Q

Four quadrants of abdomen

A

Divide abdomen in four imaginary quadrants:
Right upper quadrants (RUQ)
Left upper quadrants (LUQ)
Right lower quadrant(RLQ)
Left lower quadrants (LLQ)

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107
Q

Quadrant

A

Divided into four

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108
Q

Membrane

A

Thin layer of tissue that covers the surface, lines a cavity, or divides a space or organ

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109
Q

Parietal peritoneum

A

Outer layer of the peritoneum that lines the interior of the abdominal wall

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110
Q

Parietal

A

Cavity wall

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111
Q

Visceral peritoneum

A

Inner layer of the peritoneum that surrounds the organs of the abdominal cavity

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112
Q

Visceral

A

Relating to the internal organs

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113
Q

Cells

A

Basic structural and functional units of the body. Cells are specialized and grouped together to form tissues and organs

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114
Q

Cytology

A

Study of the anatomy, physiology, pathology and chemistry of the cell

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115
Q

Cytologist

A

A specialist in the study and analysis of cells

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116
Q

Cell membrane

A

Tissue that surrounds and protects the contents of a cell from the external environment

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117
Q

Nucleus

A

Surrounded by the nuclear membranes, is a structure within the cell. Has two important functions: it controls the activities of the cell, and it helps the cell divide

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118
Q

Adult stem cells

A

Also known as somatic stem cells, undifferentiated cells found among differentiated cells in a tissue or organ. Primary role of these cells is to maintain and repair the tissue in which they are found

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119
Q

Undifferentiated

A

Not having a specialized function or structure

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120
Q

Differentiated

A

Having a specialized function or structure

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121
Q

Hemopoietic

A

Blood forming

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122
Q

Graft-versus-host diseases

A

Rejection of transplant between donor and recipient

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123
Q

Embryonic stem cells

A

Undifferentiated cells that are unlike any specific adult cell, came from the cord blood in the umbilical cord and placenta of a newborn infant.

124
Q

Embryo

A

A developing child during in its first eight weeks in the womb. Embry/o means fertilized ovum, -nic means pertaining to

125
Q

Proliferate

A

Grow rapidly

126
Q

Gene

A

Fundamental physical and functional unit of hereditary.

127
Q

Genetics

A

Study of how genes are transferred from parents to their children and the role of genes in health and disease. Gene means producing, -tics means pertaining to

128
Q

Dominant gene

A

Inherited from either parent, the offspring will inherit their genetic condition or characteristics

129
Q

Recessive gene

A

Inherited from both parents, the offering will have that condition. When recessive gene is Inherited from one parent, and a normal gene is Inherited from other parent, offspring will not have the condition

130
Q

Genome

A

Complete set of genetic information of an organism.

131
Q

Somatic cell

A

Any cell in the body except the gametes. Contains 46 chromosomes arranged into 23 pairs

132
Q

Gamete

A

Sperm or egg, also known as sex cell. Only type of cell that does not contain 46 chromosomes. Instead, each ovum (egg) or supermarket has 23 single chromosomes

133
Q

DNA

A

located on the pairs of chromosomes in the nucleus of each cell, is the same for all living organisms. Packaged in a chromosome as two spiraling strands that twist together to form a double helix. Abbreviation for deoxyribonucleic acid

134
Q

Helix

A

Shape twisted like a spiral staircase

135
Q

Double helix

A

Consists of two of these strands twisted together

136
Q

Genetic mutation

A

Change of the sequence of a DNA molecule. Causes are exposure to radiation or environmental pollution

137
Q

Somatic cell mutation

A

Change within the cells of the body. These changes affect the individual but cannot be transmitted to the next generation

138
Q

Gametic cell mutation

A

Change within the genes in a gamete that can be transmitted by a parent to child

139
Q

Genetic engineering

A

Manipulating or splicing of genes for scientific or medical purposes

140
Q

Cystic fibrosis

A

Genetic disorder that is present at birth and affects both the respiratory and digestive systems. CF

141
Q

Down syndrome

A

DS. genetic variation that is associated with a characteristic facial appearance, learning disabilities, development delays, and physical abnormalities. Genetic disorder usually caused by the presence of a third copy of the 21st chromosome. Also known as trisomy 21

142
Q

Huntington’s disease

A

HD. genetic disorder that is passed from parent to child. This condition causes nerve degeneration with symptoms that most often appear in midlife. This damage eventually results in uncontrolled movements and the loss of some mental abilities

143
Q

Degeneration

A

Worsening condition

144
Q

Muscular dystrophy

A

MS. group of genetic diseases that are characterized by progressive weakness and degeneration of the skeletal muscles that control movement

145
Q

Tissue

A

Group or layer of similarly specialized cells that join together to perform certain specific functions

146
Q

Histologist

A

Non-physician specialist who studies the microscopic structure of tissues

147
Q

4 main types of tissues

A

Epithelial tissue
Connective tissue
Muscle tissue
Nerve tissue

148
Q

Epithelial tissue

A

Ep-ih-thee-lee-a
Forms a protective covering for all of the internal and external surfaces of the body. These tissues also form glands. Two types: epithelium and endothelium

149
Q

Epithelium

A

Specialized epithelial tissue that forms the epidermis of the skin and the surface layer of mucous membranes

150
Q

Endothelium

A

Specialized epithelial tissue that lines the blood and lymph vessels, body cavities, glands, and organs

151
Q

Connective tissue

A

Support and connect organs and other body tissues.

152
Q

4 types of connective tissues

A

Dense connective tissue
Adipose tissue
Loose connective tissue
Liquid connective tissue

153
Q

Dense connective tissue

A

Bone and cartilage, form the joints and framework of the body

154
Q

Adipose tissue

A

Also known as fat, provides protective padding, insulation, and support. Adip means fat, -ose means pertaining to

155
Q

Loose connective tissue

A

Surrounds various organs and supports both nerve cells and blood vessels

156
Q

Liquid connective tissue

A

Blood and lymph, transport nutrients and waste products throughout the body

157
Q

Muscle tissue

A

Contains cells with the specialized ability to contract and relax

158
Q

Nerve tissue

A

Contains cells with the specialized ability to react to stimuli and to conduct electrical impulses

159
Q

Gland

A

Group of specialized epithelial cells that are capable of producing secretions

160
Q

Two types of glands

A

Exocrine gland
Endocrine glands

161
Q

Adenoids

A

A mass of gland-like lymphoid tissue at the back of the upper pharaynx

162
Q

Adenitis

A

Inflammation of the gland. Aden means gland, -itis means inflammation

163
Q

Malignant

A

Harmful, capable of spreading, and potentially life threatening

164
Q

Benign

A

Not life threatening

165
Q

Adenosis

A

Any disease or condition of a gland. Aden means gland, -osis means abnormal condition or disease

166
Q

Adenectomy

A

Surgical removal of a gland. Aden means gland, -ectomy means surgical removal

167
Q

Organ

A

Somewhat independent part of the body that performs a specific function

168
Q

Major body systems

A

Skeletal systems
Muscular systems
Cardiovascular systems
Lymphatic system
Immune system
Respiratory system
Digestive system
Urinary system
Nervous system
Special senses
Integumentary system
Endocrine system
Reproductive system

169
Q

Skeletal system

A

Bones, joints, and cartilages. Supports and shapes the body. Protects the internal organs. Forms some blood cells and stores minerals

170
Q

Muscular system

A

Muscles, fascia, and tendons. Holds the body erect. Makes movement possible. Moves body fluids and generates body heat

171
Q

Cardiovascular system

A

Heart, arteries, veins, capillaries, and blood. Blood circulates throughout the body to transport oxygen and nutrients to cells, and to carry waste products to the kidneys where waste to removed by filtration

172
Q

Lymphatic system

A

Lymph, lymphatic vessels, and kymph nodes. Removes and transports waste products from the fluid between the cells. Destroys harmful substances such as pathogens and cancer cells in the lymph nodes. Returns the filtered lymph to the bloodstream where it becomes plasma again

173
Q

Immune system

A

Tonsils, spleen, thymus, skin, and specialized blood cells. Defends the body against invading pathogens and allergens

174
Q

Respiratory system

A

Nose, pharynx, trachea, larynx, and lungs. Brings oxygen into the body for transportation to the cells. Removes carbon dioxide and some water waste from the body

175
Q

Digestive system

A

Mouth, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, liver, and pancreas. Digests ingested food so it can be absorbed into the bloodstream. Eliminates solid waste

176
Q

Urinary system

A

Kidneys, ureter, urinary bladder, and urethra. Filters blood to remove waste. Maintains the electrolyte and fluid balance within the body

177
Q

Nervous system

A

Nerves, brain, and spinal cord. Coordinates the reception of stimuli. Transmits messages throughout the body

178
Q

Special senses

A

Eyes and ears. Receive visual and auditory information and transmit it to the brain

179
Q

Integumentary system

A

Skin, sebaceous glands, and sweat glands. Protects the body against invasion by bacteria. Aids in regulating the body temperature and water content

180
Q

Endocrine system

A

Adrenal glands, gonads, pancreas, parathyroid, pineal, pituitary, thymus, and thyroid. Integrates all body functions

181
Q

Reproductive system

A

Male: penis and testicle
Female: ovaries, uterus, and vagina
Produces new life

182
Q

Pathology

A

Study of disease, it’s nature and cause as well as the produced changes in structure and function. Also means a condition produced by disease. Path/o means word root (combining form), -pathy means disease, also mean suffering, feeling, and emotion

183
Q

Pathologist

A

A physician who specializes in the laboratory analysis of diseased tissue samples to confirm or establish a diagnosis. Path means disease, -ologist means specialist

184
Q

Etiology

A

Study of causes of diseases. Eti- means cause, -ology means study of

185
Q

Pathogen

A

Disease-producing microorganisms such as a virus

186
Q

Transmission

A

Spread of a disease

187
Q

Contamination

A

Pathogen is possibly present. Occurs through a lack of proper hygiene standards or by failure to take appropriate infection control precautions

188
Q

Communicable disease

A

Also known as contagious disease, any condition that is transmitted from one person to another either directly or by indirect contact with contaminated objects

189
Q

Communicable

A

Capable of being transmitted

190
Q

Indirect contact transmission

A

Refers to situations in which a susceptible person is infected by contact with a contaminated surface

191
Q

Bloodborne transmission

A

Spread of a disease through contact with infected blood or other body fluids that are contaminated by infected blood

192
Q

Droplet transmission

A

Spread of diseases such as measles, cold, and flu through large respiratory droplets sprayed by coughing or sneezing onto a nearby person or object

193
Q

Airborne transmission

A

Occurs through contact with germs floating in the air

194
Q

Food-borne and waterborne transmission

A

Also known as fecal-oral transmission, caused by eating or drinking contaminated food or water that has not been properly treated to remove contamination or kill any pathogens present

195
Q

Vector

A

Insects or animals such as flies, fleas, ticks, rats, and dogs that are capable of transmitting a disease. Mosquitos are most common vectors.

196
Q

Epidemiologist

A

Specialist in the study of outbreaks of disease within a population group. Epi- means above, dem/I means population, -ologist means specialist

197
Q

Organic disorder

A

Produces symptoms caused by detectable physical change in the body. Ex: chicken pox

198
Q

Congenital

A

Existing at birth

199
Q

Developmental disorder

A

Also known as birth defects, can result in an anomaly or malformation such as the absence of a limb or the presence of an extra toe

200
Q

Anomaly

A

Deviation from what is regarded as normal

201
Q

Atresia

A

Describes the congenital absence of a normal body opening or the failure of a structure to be tubular

202
Q

Anal atresia

A

Congenital absence of an opening at the bottom end of the anus

203
Q

Pulmonary atresia

A

Absence of a pulmonary valve

204
Q

Prenatal influences

A

Mother’s health, her behavior, and the prenatal medical care she does or does not receive before delivery

205
Q

Rubella

A

Birth defects often develop if a pregnant woman contracts this viral infection early in her pregnancy

206
Q

Fetal alcohol syndrome

A

FAS, caused by mother’s consumption of alcohol during the pregnancy

207
Q

Premature birth

A

Birth that occurs earlier than 37 weeks of development, can cause serious health problems because the baby’s body systems have not had time to form completely

208
Q

Birth injuries

A

Congenital disorders that were not present before the events surrounding the time of birth

209
Q

Cerebral palsy

A

Result of brain damage, can be caused by premature birth or inadequate oxygen to the brain during the birth process

210
Q

Geriatrics

A

The study of the medical problems and care of older people, also known as gerontology

211
Q

Postmortem

A

After death

212
Q

Autopsy

A

Postmortem examination

213
Q

Allied health professions

A

Roles outside of medicine, nursing and pharmacy. Includes dental hygienists, EMT, Nutritionists

214
Q

Primary care provider

A

PCP, health care specialists such as General practitioner, internist, pediatrician, geriatrician, nurse practitioner, physician assistant

215
Q

General practitioner

A

Family practice physician, provides ongoing care for patients of all ages

216
Q

Internist

A

Physician who specializes in diagnosing and treating disease and disorders of the internal organs and related body systems

217
Q

Nurse practitioner

A

Nurse with graduate training who often works as primary care provider

218
Q

Physician assistant

A

PA, licensed professional who works under the supervision of a physician

219
Q

Medical receptionist

A

Schedules and registers patients for appointments and may also work as a medical assistant

220
Q

Medical assistant

A

Clinical medical assistant. Performs administrative and clinical tasks in a doctor’s office

221
Q

Certified medical assistant

A

CMA, medical assistant certified through the American Association of Medical Assistants

222
Q

Medical coder

A

Reviews patients’ medical records and assigns appropriate codes for treatment and services provided to each patient based on codes for medical diagnoses, equipment and procedures

223
Q

Acuity

A

Refers to the level of severity of an illness

224
Q

Licensed vocational nurse

A

LVN, known as licensed practical nurse (LPN) works under the supervision of a doctor or RN to provide basic patient care

225
Q

Certified nursing assistant

A

CNA, works under supervision of a RN to provide basic care

226
Q

Intensive care unit

A

ICU, critical care unit, provides continuously monitored care for critically ill patients

227
Q

Intensivist

A

Physician specializing in the care of critically ill patients hospitalized in the ICU

228
Q

Hospitalist

A

Physician focusing on the general medical care of hospitalized patients

229
Q

Telemetry unit

A

Provides continuous cardiac monitoring for patients with heart problems not requiring intensive care. Tele means distant. -metry means to measure

230
Q

Telemetry

A

Refers to the electronic transmission of data about the patient’s heart rhythm

231
Q

A&P

A

Anatomy and physiology

232
Q

CD

A

Communicable disease

233
Q

CH, chr

A

Chromosome

234
Q

DNA

A

Deoxyribonucleic acid

235
Q

Epid

A

Epidemic

236
Q

GP

A

General practitioner

237
Q

HD

A

Huntington’s disease

238
Q

PA

A

Physician assistant

239
Q

Superior

A

Uppermost, above, or toward the head. Ex. The lungs are located superior to (above) the diaphragm

240
Q

Inferior

A

Lowermost, below, or toward the feet. Ex. The stomach is located inferior to (beloe) the diaphragm

241
Q

Lateral

A

Direction toward, or nearer, the side of the body, away from the midline. Ex. The lateral ligament of the knee is near the side of the leg.

242
Q

Bilateral

A

Relating to, or having, two sides

243
Q

Hippocrates II

A

Greek physician with the oldest written sources of medicine, 5th and 4th centuries BC, beginning of Greek Era of the language of medicine

244
Q

Aulus celsus

A

Roman aristocrat, 1st century AD, began translating Greek medical texts into Latin.

245
Q

Nephr/o
Ren/o

A

Kidney
Nephr/o = Greek
Ren/o =latin

246
Q

Hyster/o
Uter/o

A

Uterus
Greek=latin

247
Q

Mast/o
Mamm/o

A

Breast
Greek=latin

248
Q

Phleb/o
Ven/o

A

Vein
Greek=latin

249
Q

Colp/o
Vagin/o

A

Vagina
Greek=latin

250
Q

Oophor/o
Ovari/o

A

Ovary
Greek=latin

251
Q

Or/o
Stomat/o

A

Mouth
Greek=latin

252
Q

Angi/o
Vascul/o

A

Blood vessel
Greek=latin

253
Q

Blephar/o

A

Eyelid

254
Q

Bronch/o

A

Bronchus, air passages of the lungs

255
Q

Colon/o
Col/o

A

Colon, large intestine

256
Q

Cyst/o

A

Bladder

257
Q

Dermat/o

A

Skin

258
Q

Encephal/o

A

Brain

259
Q

Enter/o

A

Small intestine

260
Q

Gingiv/o

A

Gums

261
Q

Gloss/o

A

Tongue

262
Q

Hemat/o

A

Blood

263
Q

Hepat/o

A

Liver

264
Q

Lapar/o

A

Abdomen, abdominal wall

265
Q

Ophthalm/o

A

Eye

266
Q

Orchi/o

A

Testicle

267
Q

Osteo/o

A

Bone

268
Q

Ot/o

A

Ear

269
Q

Pharyng/o

A

Pharynx (throat)

270
Q

Salping/o

A

Fallopian tube

271
Q

Splen/o

A

Spleen

272
Q

Thyr/o

A

Thyroid gland

273
Q

Arthrodesis

A

Fusion of a joint

274
Q

-penia

A

Deficiency

275
Q

-pexy

A

Surgical fixation

276
Q

-pnea

A

Breathing

277
Q

-scope

A

Instrument for viewing

278
Q

-uria

A

Urination, urine

279
Q

Brady-

A

Slow

280
Q

Hemi-

A

One half

281
Q

Tachy-

A

Rapid

282
Q

BMI

A

Body mass index

283
Q

CBC

A

Complete blood count

284
Q

CKD

A

Chronic kidney disease

285
Q

CTA

A

Clear to auscultation

286
Q

DM

A

Diabetes mellitus

287
Q

HTN

A

Hypertension

288
Q

mg

A

Milligram

289
Q

NCAT

A

Normocephalic/atraumatic

290
Q

RRR

A

Regular rate and rhythm

291
Q

RRT

A

Renal replacement therapy

292
Q

Vertebra
Plural

A

Vertebrae

293
Q

Thorax
Plural

A

Thoraces

294
Q

Index
Plural

A

Indices

295
Q

Appendix
Plural

A

Appendices

296
Q

Diagnosis
Plural

A

Diagnoses

297
Q

Bacterium
Plural

A

Bacteria

298
Q

Nevus
Plural

A

Nevi

299
Q

HIV

A

Human immunodeficiency virus, 1981

300
Q

SIRS

A

Systemic inflammatory response syndrome, came out in 1983 but not adopted by physicians until 1991

301
Q

SARS

A

Severe acute respiratory syndrome, Asia in 2002, outbreak contained in 2003.

302
Q

fMRI

A

Functional MRI, shape research into the study of the human brain in action. Learn valuable information about diseases including depression, autism, memory disorders

303
Q

Intellectual disorder

A

Replaces term for mental retardation

304
Q

Substance use disorder

A

Replaces term for drug addiction or drug dependence

305
Q

Person with a substance use disorder

A

Replaces term with addict or alcholic

306
Q

Adiposity-based chronic disease

A

New term for obesity

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