Lesson 1 Flashcards
True or false: the accuracy of civilians and police officers only differ 1-2% due to the lie bias of civilians and the truth bias of police officers.
False, the accuracy differs only 1-2% because of the TRUTH bias of CIVILIANS and the LIE bias of POLICE OFFICERS.
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Tin tin is caught up in a dangerous situation, he tells a story about flying unicorns and dancing polobears which is actually not a lie. Nevertheless,, the police officers that hear him out do not buy his story, although they have seen the flying unicorns and dancing polobears themselves and the story makes perfect sense. What principle can explain the behavior of the police officers?
The lie bias, police officers tend to think that people are more likely to lie than to tell the truth.
Nemo the fish has a narcistic personality disorder. He tells about his stories outside of the sea, in a weird bowl of water-thingy, which are obviously lies. Nevertheless, all the fish in the sea believe him at once. What principle can explain the behavior of the other civilian-fishes?
The truth bias, civilians tend to think that other civilians (fish, men, everyone) are more likely to be honest instead of lying.
Sjakie (the winner of one of the golden tickets for the chocolate factory) is deceiving a captain Ahab to give him two big salmons for one rotten apple. He tells the following story to the police:
“I was helping captain Ahab because a big whale was going to attack his boat in a couple of years and then his boat (Pequod) would be at the bottom of the Indian ocean which would cause the sharks their to move to another place where Nemo’s parents were caring for their babies. And I felt so sorry for these babies, because when Nemo wouldn’t have his parents to raise him, he would propably develop a narcistic personality disorder.” During the interrogation, Sjakie keeps looking in the eyes of the officer, while trying to keep sitting up straight, to prevent himself from giving away that he is lying. Tears are rolling from his eyes the entire time, because he pinned a thumb tack (punaise) in his foot. This, he thought, will make them think I was really worried about Nemo’s childhood.
Appoint the three categories of deception cues in the story of Sjakie.
Liars might show deception cues in three processes:
- emotional
the tears
- content complexity (thinking hard to produce a conving story, (by making it complex))
Of course Sjakie did want Nemo to develop a narcistic personality disorder because his stories would be so bizar that the other fish would convince Spongebob to create unicorns that would take over the world and teach all the polobears to be professionals baletdancers. And this is essential for Tom and Jerry to cooperate with the Daltons. Nevertheless, the story was quite complex and would evoke suspicion.
- attempted behavioural control
Sjakie was trying to control his level of eyecontact and pose and to keep it steady during the entire interrogation.
Beau is trying to steal noodles in Japan, but she gets caught by the shopowner. She tries to explain the police, in her best Japanese, that this is a common tradition in the Netherlands, because Dutch people are too stingy (gierig) too buy them, so, obviously, she can’t help it. The Japanese police officers let her go because she is a laughs so sweet and sweet laughing girl never steal. Furthermore, she keeps avoiding the stare of the officers. She can’t help it, but she is afraid they will see that she is lying when she looks at them. However, the police officers interpret this as honest and polite and therefor trust her.
Name the two errors that makes lie detecting difficult for the Japanese police officers.
- Stereotypical view: the Japanese police officers are certain that sweet laughing girls don’t steal. Because they have only ever seen ugly laughing girls that steal, so they don’t expect a sweet laughing girl to steal.
- Cross-cultural non-verbal communication errors: The Japanese police officers misinterpret the non-verbal behavior of Beau. She keeps avoiding eyecontact with the officers because she is afraid they will see that she is lying. Making eyecontact has different meanings in different cultures, which leads in this case to a misinterpretation of the non-verbal behavior.
