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RPV0 22 > Lesson 1-2 (FINALS) > Flashcards

Lesson 1-2 (FINALS) Flashcards

1
Q

Medical asepsis is also known as…

A

Clean Technique

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2
Q

Freedom from most pathogenic organisms

A

Medical Asepsis

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3
Q

The purpose of this asepsis is to reduce transmission of pathogenic organisms from one patient-to-another.

A

Medical Asepsis

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4
Q

Medical Asepsis

A
  1. Know what is dirty
  2. Know what is clean
  3. Know what is sterile
  4. Keep the first three conditions separate
  5. Remedy contamination immediately
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5
Q

Medical Asepsis. When the body is penetrated, natural barriers such as skin and mucous membranes are bypassed, making the patient _____ to microbes that might enter

A

Susceptible

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6
Q

Medical Asepsis. Even though skin is an effective barrier against microbial invasion, a patient can become colonized with other microbes if precautions are _____

A

Not taken

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7
Q

Medical Asepsis. When the body is penetrated, natural barriers such as skin and mucous membranes are bypassed, making the patient susceptible to microbes that might enter

A
  1. Perform hand hygiene and put on gloves
  2. When invading sterile areas of the body, maintain sterility of the body system
  3. When placing an item into a sterile area of the body, make sure the item is sterile
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8
Q

Medical Asepsis. Even though skin is an effective barrier against microbial invasion, a patient can become colonized with other microbes if precautions are not taken

A
  1. Perform hand hygiene between patient contacts
  2. When handling items that only touch patient’s intact skin, or do not ordinarily touch the patient, make sure item is clean and disinfected (between patients)
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9
Q

Surgical asepsis is also known as…

A

Sterile Technique

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9
Q

Medical Asepsis. All body fluids from any patient should be considered _____

A

Contaminated

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10
Q

Medical Asepsis. The _____ and the _____ can be a source of contamination for the patient

A

Healthcare team & Environment

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10
Q

Medical Asepsis. All body fluids from any patient should be considered contaminated

A
  1. Body fluids can be the source of infection for the patient and you
  2. Utilize appropriate personal protective equipment (PPE)
  3. When performing patient care, work from cleanest to dirtiest patient area
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10
Q

Injuries due to needles and other sharps have been associated with transmission of ___, ___, and ___ to healthcare personnel

A

HBV, HCV and HIV

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11
Q

Freedom from all pathogenic organisms

A

Surgical Asepsis

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11
Q

Medical Asepsis. The healthcare team and the environment can be a source of contamination for the patient

A
  1. Health care providers (HCP) should be free from disease
  2. Single use items can be a source of contamination
  3. Patients environment should be as clean as possible
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12
Q

Surgical asepsis principles

A
  1. The patient should not be the source of contamination
  2. Healthcare personnel should not be the source of contamination
  3. Recognize potential environmental contamination
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12
Q

The purpose of this asepsis is to prevent introduction of any organism into an open wound or sterile body cavity

A

Surgical Asepsis

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13
Q

Surgical Asepsis

A
  1. Know what is sterile
  2. Know what is not sterile
  3. Keep sterile and not sterile items apart
  4. Remedy contamination immediately
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13
Q

Required all employers to switch to safety needle devices to minimize the risk of accidental sticks and solicited employee input in choosing safer devices

A

Needle Stick Safety and Prevention Act of 2001

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14
Q

Things to do when accidently injured by needle stick

A
  1. Immediately flood the exposed area with water and clean any wound with soap and water or a skin disinfectant.
  2. Report this immediately to your employer. Your employer is required to keep a log of such incidents. Follow your facility’s exposure control plan for reporting and medical treatment for an accidental needle exposure.
  3. Seek immediate medical attention, including counseling for exposure to HIV, HBV, and HCV.
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15
Q

Establishing Rapport. this communicates care and compassion.

A

Maintain Eye Contact

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15
Q

Establishing Rapport. It can show empathy and interest in your patient’s situation.

A

Maintain Eye Contact

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15
Q

Establishing Rapport. It is the ability to understand the patient’s situation, perspective, and feelings.

A

Empathy

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16
Q

Establishing Rapport. together with social touch connect you to your patients and communicates understanding.

A

Maintain Eye Contact

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17
Q

Establishing Rapport. Understanding your patient’s communication preferences and state of mind will help build rapport.

A

Open Communication

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17
Q

Establishing Rapport. It allows you to deliver more personalized patient care.

A

Show Empathy

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18
Q

Establishing Rapport. To help ease their stay, take the time to get to know your patients.

A

Make it Personal

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19
Q

Establishing Rapport. Informing your patient of new orders or changes in their condition is one way to do this.

A

Open Communication

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19
Q

Establishing Rapport. Listen to what the patient is saying

A

Active Listening

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19
Q

Establishing Rapport. Ask about their friends and family, hobbies, and other important aspects of their life.

A

Make It Personal

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19
Q

Establishing Rapport. Encouraging your patient to share their feelings with you is another.

A

Open Communication

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20
Q

Establishing Rapport. This is an easy way to learn how to build rapport with your patients.

A

Make it Personal

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21
Q

Establishing Rapport. Repeat what you heard to the patient.

A

Active Listening

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22
Q

Establishing Rapport. Check with the patient to ensure your reflection is correct.

A

Active Listening

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23
Q

Establishing Rapport. The goal of active listening is to _____ or intent behind their words. It would help if you _____, not to respond.

A

Reflect the feeling & Listened to understand

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24
Q

Establishing Rapport. Matching the patient’s demeanor, disposition, and rhythm quickly establishes rapport.

A

Practice Mirroring

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25
Q

Establishing Rapport. This may even mean raising your voice to match a loud patient to create a synchronized bond.

A

Practice Mirroring

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25
Q

Signs. color indicating allergy

A

Red

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26
Q

Establishing Rapport. Then, with a low voice and measured movements, lead the patient to a better place.

A

Practice Mirroring

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27
Q

Establishing Rapport. Use _____ to become attuned to the patient during difficult conversations.

A

Mirroring

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27
Q

Establishing Rapport. _____ is one of the most effective ways to build rapport with patients.

A

Keeping your Word

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27
Q

Family and Visitors. It is best to ask them to _____ the room until you are finished.

A

Step Outside

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27
Q

Establishing Rapport. If your ability to complete a task changes, communicate this with the patient.

A

Keep your Word

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27
Q

Establishing Rapport. If you tell them, you will do something, do it.

A

Keep your Word

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28
Q

Signs. color indicating fall risk

A

Yellow

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28
Q

Establishing Rapport. _____ and _____. Keeping your word with patients not only builds rapport it also builds trust.

A

Don’t over-promise & Under-deliver

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29
Q

Signs are typically posted on the _____ to the patient’s room or on the _____ or _____.

A

Door, wall beside, & behind the head of the patient’s bed

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29
Q

Containing information concerning the patient is an important part of the approach to an inpatient.

A

Looking for Signs

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29
Q

Signs. color indicating DNR

A

Blue

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30
Q

_____ indicating that infection-control precautions are to be followed on entering the room and _____ that prohibit the taking of blood pressures or blood draws from a particular arm.

A

Signs

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31
Q

Signs. color indicating latex allergy

A

Green

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32
Q

Signs. color indicating limb alert

A

Pink

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33
Q

Entering a Patient’s Room. 1. Doors to patients’ rooms are usually _____.

A

Open

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34
Q

Entering a Patient’s Room. 2. If the door is closed, _____, open the door slowly, and say something like “good morning” before proceeding into the room.

A

Knock Lightly

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34
Q

Entering a Patient’s Room. 3. Even if the door is open, it is a good idea to _____ to make occupants aware that you are about to enter.

A

Knock Lightly

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35
Q

Entering a Patient’s Room. 4. Make your _____ before proceeding or opening the curtain to protect the patient’s privacy and avoid embarrassment.

A

Presence Known

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35
Q

Physicians and Clergy. If a physician or a member of the clergy is with the patient, _____.

A

Don’t Interrupt

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36
Q

Physicians and Clergy. The patient’s time with these individuals is _____ and _____.

A

Private and Limited

36
Q

Verifying Name and Date of Birth. _____ (Accuracy in Patient and Sample Identification) recommends having the patient spell the last name.

A

CLSI guideline GP33-A

37
Q

Family and Visitors. _____ there are family members or visitors with the patient.

A

Often

38
Q

Neonates and Other Infants. The child may be identified by a ___, ____ or ___.

A

Nurse, relative, or guardian

38
Q

Verifying Name and Date of Birth. The patient must be _____ involved in the identification process.

A

Actively

38
Q

Family and Visitors. Most will prefer to do so; however, some family members will _____ in the room.

A

Insist on staying

38
Q

Outpatient ID. Typically, the _____ verifies the patient’s identity and fills out the proper requisition or generates one via computer.

A

Outpatient collection site’s receptionist

38
Q

Patient Identification (ID). The process of _____, is the most important step in venipuncture and specimen collection.

A

Verifying a patient’s identity

39
Q

Patient Identification (ID). _____ a patient or specimen can be grounds for dismissal of the person responsible and can even lead to a malpractice lawsuit against that person.

A

Misidentifying

39
Q

Neonates and Other Infants. ID bands may be placed on the _____ instead of the arm of inpatient newborns or babies _____.

A

Lower leg & Under 2 years of age

39
Q

Verifying Name and Date of Birth. When identifying a patient, _____ the patient to state his or her _____ and _____.

A

Ask, Full name & Date of birth

39
Q

Verifying Name and Date of Birth. The patient’s response must _____ the information on the requisition and/or computer-generated requests.

A

Match

39
Q

Verifying Name and Date of Birth. Any errors or differences must be _____ to the patient.

A

Resolved before doing anything

39
Q

Introduce Yourself. Identify yourself to the patient by stating your ___, ___ and ___.

A

Name, your title, and why you are there

39
Q

Enumerate the history of presenting complain

A
  1. Site
  2. Onset
  3. Character
  4. Radiation
  5. Associations
  6. Time Course
  7. Exacerbating / Relieving Factors
  8. Severity
40
Q

Introduce Yourself. This is a part of _____ and _____.

A

Informed consent and Patient rights

40
Q

Introduce Yourself. The patient has a _____ to have blood drawn by a student or anyone else.

A

Right to refuse

40
Q

History of Presenting Complaint. When did it start, was it constant/intermittent, gradual/ sudden?

A

Onset

40
Q

This is what the patient tells you what is wrong.

A

Presenting Complain

40
Q

History of Presenting Complaint. Where exactly is the pain?

A

Site

40
Q

Measurement of the heart rate, or the number of times the heart beats per minute.

A

Pulse Rate

40
Q

History of Presenting Complaint. What is the pain like e.g. sharp, burning, tight?

A

Character

40
Q

History of Presenting Complaint. Does it radiate/move anywhere?

A

Radiation

40
Q

History of Presenting Complaint. Is there anything else associated with the pain, e.g. sweating, vomiting.

A

Associations

40
Q

History of Presenting Complaint. Does it follow any time pattern, how long did it last?

A

Time Course

40
Q

The normal body temperature of healthy adult

A

97.8 degrees Fahrenheit (36.5 degrees Celsius) to 99 degrees Fahrenheit (37.2 degrees Celsius)

40
Q

History of Presenting Complaint. How severe is the pain, consider using the 1-10 scale?

A

Severity

40
Q

History of Presenting Complaint. Does anything make it better or worse?

A

Exacerbating / Relieving Factors

40
Q

Find out what medications the patient is taking, including dosage and how often they are taking them.

A

Drug History

40
Q

Past Medical History. It is important to take note the _____, _____ and _____.

A

Procedure/surgery name, Year and Institution it was done.

40
Q

Usually noticed by other people.

A

Signs

40
Q

Past Medical History. Gather information about a patient’s other medical problems, ___ surgeries, or past hospital admissions.

A

Past

40
Q

At this point it is a good idea to find out if the patient has any allergies

A

Drug History

40
Q

Normal pulse for adults.

A

60 to 100 beats per minute

40
Q

Enumerate the site for body temperature

A

Oral, Rectal. Axillary, By Ear and By Skin

40
Q

Family History. Find out if there are any _____ within the family.

A

Genetic Conditions

40
Q

Gather some information about the patient’s family history.

A

Family History

41
Q

Enumerate some of the signs of an illness

A
  1. Rapid pulse
  2. High temperature
  3. Limping
  4. Sweating
  5. Coughing
  6. Bruising
41
Q

Complete your history by reviewing what the patient has told you.

A

Summary of History

41
Q

Is an indication that something is not right in a person’s body.

A

Signs of an Illness

41
Q

Summary of History. _____ back the important points so that the patient can correct you if there are any misunderstandings or errors.

A

Repeat

41
Q

Is an indication that something is not right in a person’s body.

A

Symptoms of an Illness

41
Q

This is what the person experiences and communicates.

A

Symptom

41
Q

Enumerate some symptoms of an illness

A
  1. Chills
  2. Abdominal pain
  3. Weakness
  4. Nausea
  5. Headache
  6. Backache
41
Q

Generally, it is not noticed by anyone else.

A

Symptom of an Illness

41
Q

Pulse rate for Infants 1 to 11 months old

A

80 to 160 beats per minute.

41
Q

Measurements of the body’s most basic functions

A

Vital Signs

41
Q

Useful in detecting or monitoring medical problems.

A

Vital Signs

42
Q

The number of breaths a person takes per minute

A

Respiration Rate

43
Q

The respiration rate is usually measured when a person is at ___ and simply involves counting the number of breaths for one minute by counting how many times the chest rises.

A

Rest

44
Q

Normal respiration rates for an adult person at rest

A

12 to 16 breaths per minute.

44
Q

The force of the blood pushing against the artery walls during contraction and relaxation of the heart.

A

Blood Pressure

45
Q

Is systolic is 130 to 139 or diastolic between 80 to 89

A

Stage 1 high blood pressure

45
Q

Is systolic of less than 120 and diastolic of less than 80 (120/80)

A

Normal blood pressure

45
Q

Is systolic of 120 to 129 and diastolic less than 80

A

Elevated blood pressure

46
Q

Is when systolic is 140 or higher or the diastolic is 90 or higher

A

Stage 2 high blood pressure

46
Q

Enumerate the inclusion for documentation

A
  1. The time of day
  2. The drug name
  3. The dose
  4. Route of administration (must be included in the documentation)
47
Q

Enumerate establishing rapport

A
  1. Maintain eye contact
  2. Show empathy
  3. Open communication
  4. Make it personal
  5. Active listening
  6. Practice mirroring
  7. Keep your word
47
Q

No health care worker may prescribe or administer drugs that are not ordered by a _____ to do so.

A

Person Licensed

48
Q

The supervising physician then _____ the entry.

A

Countersigns

48
Q

An order must be ___, ___ and ___ by the physician.

A

Dated, written, and signed

48
Q

Syringe Parts: the end of the syringe to which the needle is fastened

A

Tip

49
Q

When a radiographer, acting under the supervision of a radiologist, administers a medication to a patient, it must be recorded in the _____.

A

Patient’s chart

50
Q

Needle Parts. the sharp angulated tip of the needle

A

Bevel

50
Q

Equipment for drug administration. Enumerate the needle parts

A
  1. The Hub
  2. The Shaft
  3. The Lumen
  4. The bevel
50
Q

The radiographer, or whoever administers the medication, must also ___ the chart for identification purposes.

A

Sign

51
Q

Needle Parts. the part that attaches to the syringe

A

Hub

51
Q

Needle Parts. the hollow tube that runs the length of the shaft

A

Lumen

51
Q

Needle Parts. the elongated part of the needle

A

Shaft

51
Q

Rules for working with syringes and needles. Syringes and needles are to be discarded in _____ that are required to be provided in all areas where drugs are administered even if they contain safety features

A

Puncture- proof containers labeled sharps container

51
Q

Equipment for drug administration. Enumerate the syringe parts

A
  1. The tip
  2. The barrel
  3. The plunger
52
Q

Syringe Parts: the body of the syringe

A

Barrel

52
Q

Syringe Parts: the part that fits into the barrel

A

Plunger

52
Q

Rules for working with syringes and needles. Needles that have been used for an injection must _____. If it has a protective mechanism, it must be engaged after use.

A

Not be recapped

52
Q

Rules for working with syringes and needles. Syringes and needles are _____ and are to be discarded after ___ use.

A

Disposable & One

53
Q

Rules for working with syringes and needles. The used syringe must be held by the _____ and carried immediately to the sharp’s container.

A

Barrel

54
Q

Rules for working with syringes and needles. _____ place a used syringe and needle back onto a tray to be disposed of later.

A

Never

54
Q

Rules for working with syringes and needles. If a needle does not have a protective mechanism in place, a _____ method may be used to prevent injury.

A

Needle Scoop

55
Q

Glass container with a rubber stopper circled by a metal band; the band holds the stopper in place; The rubber stopper is protected from contamination by a plastic cap

A

Vials

55
Q

Packaging of Parenteral Medications. If they are intended for intramuscular, subcutaneous, or intradermal injection, they are either in an _____ or a _____.

A

Ampule or a Vial

55
Q

Rules for working with syringes and needles. If a needle-stick injury should occur, it must be reported as a _____ as soon as possible following the event.

A

Critical Incident

55
Q

Packaging of Parenteral Medications. Drugs intended for parenteral administration are packaged to maintain _____.

A

Sterility

56
Q

Made of glass and contains a single dose of a drug; Labeled with the name of the drug, the dosage per mL, and the route for administration.

A

Ampules

56
Q

Obtaining a drug from a vial

A
  1. Remove the plastic protective cap from the top of the vial.
  2. If this a multidose vial and has been opened previously, check the date and time opened and cleanse the rubber top with an alcohol wipe.
  3. Determine the dosage desired from the vial and draw up the equivalent amount of air into the syringe.
  4. Insert the needle into the vial and inject the air. The fluid will replace the air in the syringe rather quickly.
  5. Draw the plunger back until the exact amount of drug is obtained
56
Q

Obtaining a drug from an ampule

A
  1. The indented area at the neck of the ampule may be opened by filing with a metal file or by simply snapping off the top of the vial.
  2. The health care worker must never attempt to snap off the top of an ampule without protecting his hands as the glass may break unevenly and cause a laceration
  3. If a vial shatters when broken open, the medication must be discarded as there may be glass shards in the drug.
  4. If all the drug in an ampule is not used, it must be discarded because it will not remain sterile after the ampule is opened.
57
Q

Venipuncture proper procedure

A
  1. Approach the patient, identify him, and assess for latex or iodine allergies. Explain the procedure and answer any questions he may have.
  2. Wash your hands.
  3. Secure the tourniquet over the site selected in such a manner that it can be removed by pulling on one end
  4. Instruct the patient to make two or three tight fists to force more blood into the veins to make them more visible.
  5. Put on clean gloves.
  6. Gloves need not be sterile; however, all other equipment used that cleans or penetrates the skin must be sterile.
  7. Cleanse the area for the venipuncture using firm strokes from center of site to outside.
  8. Do this at least three times using a separate swab each time.
  9. Allow the area to dry.
  10. Hold the skin taut above or below the insertion site.
  11. Insert the needle or catheter bevel side up into the vein
  12. When the needle enters the vein, blood returns into the flashback chamber immediately.
  13. For IV cannula, Pull out the needle and the catheter will be left inside the vein.
  14. For IV cannula, Attach the heplock immediately and flush with saline solution
  15. Secure the venipuncture site with tape.
57
Q

Venipuncture failed procedure

A
  1. If no blood returns, the venipuncture was not successful.
  2. If this is the case, remove the needle and obtain a new needle to start the IV and select a new site.
  3. Apply pressure to the failed area with a sterile gauze pad until bleeding stops.
  4. If the second effort fails, call a member of the IV team or an anesthesiologist to start the IV.

RPV0 22 (4 decks)

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