LESSON 1 - 2

Question 1

Father of Vocational Guidance; Organized the Boston Vocation Bureau to provide vocational guidance to young people seeking employment and training teachers to become vocational counselors

Answer 1

Frank Parsons (1854-1908)

Question 2

Believed that the students should know the moral value of hard work, ambition, honesty and the development of good character as assets to any person who plans to enter a particular industry.

Answer 2

Jessie Davies

Question 3

Guidance programs should place the need of the business above the needs of the individuals therefore creating programs that judged people’s worth by his or her employability.

Answer 3

Anna Reed

Question 4

Thought guidance programs should help the youth discover their capabilities and learn how to use those talents to securing the most appropriate employment.

Answer 4

Eli Weaver

Question 5

There should be a diversified curriculum that complements vocational guidance.

Answer 5

David Hill

Question 6

Instigated the movement on mental health guidance and counseling; suffered from schizophrenia for several years.

Answer 6

Clifford Beers

Question 7

Offered nondirective counseling and stressed that it is the client’s responsibility in perceiving his or her problems and enhancing the self.

Answer 7

Carl Rogers

Question 8

believes that only those things that are experienced or observed are real.

Answer 8

Pragmatism

Question 9

believes that ideas are the only true reality, the only thing worth knowing.

Answer 9

Idealism

Question 10

believes that reality exists independent of the human mind.

Answer 10

Realism

Question 11

believes that reality is subjective and lies within the individual.

Answer 11

Existentialism

Question 12

relies on introspection, a procedure to study the structure of the mind, in which subjects are asked to describe in detail what they are experiencing when they are exposed to a stimulus; focuses on the basic element that constitutes the foundation of perception, consciousness, thinking, emotions and other kinds of mental states and activities.

Answer 12

STRUCTURALISM

Wilhelm Wundt

Question 13

focused on what the mind does rather than its structures. studies the roles behavior plays in allowing people to better adapt to their environment; examines how behavior allows people to satisfy their needs

Answer 13

FUNCTIONALISM

William James

Question 14

Behavior is motivated by the inner force and conflicts about which we have little awareness or control.

Answer 14

PSYCHOANALYTIC

Sigmund Freud

Question 15

• focuses on how perceptions are organized
• the whole is different than the sum of its parts.
• the basic elements that compose our perception of objects produce something greater and more meaningful than those individual elements alone

Answer 15

GESTALT

Fritz Perls

Question 16

believes that individuals naturally strive to grow, develop, and be in control of their lives and their behavior. each of us has the capacity to seek and reach fulfillment. Humanism grew out of the rejection of behaviorism and psychoanalytic views.

Answer 16

HUMANISTIC

Carl Rogers and Abraham Maslow

Question 17

focuses on how people and nonhuman function biologically.

Answer 17

BIOLOGICAL

Question 18

focuses on how people think, understand, and know about the world

Answer 18

COGNITIVE