Lesson 1 Flashcards

1
Q

To state the beginning of an action

A

verb stem + 始める
日本語を習い始めたのは半年前です。

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2
Q

To state the end of an action

A

verb stem + 終わる
その本、読み終わったら貸してもらえませんか。

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3
Q

To tell about a command/prohibition/direction/advice

A

verb (short) + ように + 言う/注意する/頼む/伝える (past, passive form)
先生に宿題を忘れないように注意された。

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4
Q

To describe something

A

casual form + という + noun
最近は大学を卒業しても就職が難しいという話を聞きました。

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5
Q

To say something that may be true, but you are not sure

A

casual form + だろうと思う
外国で一人暮らしをするのはきっと寂しいだろうと思います。

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6
Q

Guessing something that is not ___ or think so based on observation or feeling

A

い adj/な adj/noun (negative stem) + なさそうだ
このカレーはあまり辛くなさそうですね。

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7
Q

Possibility of unlikely

A

verb stem + そうにない

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8
Q

Possibility of almost no chance

A

verb stem + そうもない

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9
Q

Possibility of extremely impossible

A

verb stem + そうにもない

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10
Q

When you noticed something

A

verb (casual) + と
気が付くと、外はすっかり暗くなっていた。

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11
Q

To describe the unusual condition/the degree of…

A

verb (casual, aff/neg)/い adj/noun + ほど + ~
富士山に登って、降りてきた時は、もう一歩も歩けないほど疲れていた。

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12
Q

To describe the unusual condition (with idiomatic exaggeration)

A

verb (~たい form) + ほど
年末は、猫の手も借りたいほど忙しくなる。

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13
Q

A change/movement progressing AWAY from the subject

A

verb (〜てform) + いく
冬になると渡鳥は南の方へ飛んでいく。

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14
Q

A change/movement progressing TOWARD the subject

A

verb (〜てform) + くる
申し込みの時に、身分証明書を持ってきてください。

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15
Q

A continuous action/repetition of a habit

A

verb (stem) + 続ける
あの人は歯医者に一年以上通い続けているそうです。

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16
Q

Limited conditional/to give advice

A

verb (casual)/noun + なら
台湾へ旅行に行くなら、十一月が一番いいと思います。