LESSON 1 Flashcards
A psychological dysfunction within an individual that is associated with distress and/or impairment in functioning and a response that is not typical or culturally expected
Abnormal behavior
Criteria for abnormal behavior (4)
Dysfunction
Distress/ impairment
Deviance
Danger
The scientific study concerned with the nature, development and treatment of mental disorders
Psychopathology
Scientific approach used by mental health professionals in clinical works (consume, evaluate and create)
Scientist - practitioner
Unique combination of thoughts, behaviors and feelings that make up a specific disorder
Clinical description
Process of determining whether the particular problem afflicting the individual meets all criteria for a psychological disorder
Diagnosis
Presence of more than one distinct mental disorder occuring simultaneously in a single individual
Comorbidity
Reason why the person came to the mental health institution
Presenting problem/ presents
Total number of cases in a population
Prevalence
New cases in a given period of time
Incidence
Percentage of male-to-female ratio in the cases of a specific disorder
Sex ratio
Pattern of the disorder
Course
Lasts a long time, sometimes a lifetime
Chronic
Recover within a few months and suffer again at a later time
Episodic
Recover without treatment for a short period of time
Time-limited
Beginning and speed of the development od disorder
Onset
Sudden occurrence
Acute
Gradual development
Insidious
Anticipated course of the disorder
Prognosis
Individual might recover
Good
Outcome appears to be poor
Guarded
Study of why the disorder begins and includes the biopsychosocial formulation
Etiology
Evil being can dwrll in and control of a persons mind and body
Demonology
Suggest that the disease of melancholy (depression) was the source of some bizarre behavior rather than demons
Nicholas oresme
Large-scale outbreaks of bizarre behavior (St. vitus dance, tarantism)
Mass hysteria
An experience of an emotion that seem to spread to people
Emotion contagion
Shared responses that occurs when people believed their reactions have the same source
Mob psychology
Suggested that the movements of moon and the stars affect one’s psychological functioning
Paracelsus
Beginning in the 13th century ____ were held to determine a persons mental health
Lunacy trials
He and his associates suggested that psychological disorders can be treated like any other diseases
Hippocrates
Extended the works or Hippocrates and his associates
Galen
Psychological functioning is based on the four bodily fluids or humors and imbalance of the humors causes psychological disorders
Humoral theory of disorders
Blood, characterized by cheerfulness and optimism; preponderance leads to changeable temperament
Sanguine
Black bile; preponderance equates to depressive symptoms
Melancholic
Characterized by apathy, and calmness and preponderance leads to sluggishness and dullness
Phlegmatic
Yellow bile; characterized by hot headedness and preponderance leads to irritability and anxiousness
Choleric
Includes adjusting the environment (heat, dryness, moisture and cold) bleeding, and inducing vomit
Humoral theory
___ Coined the term Hysteria (which is now known as ____) to describe a concept from egyptians
Hippocrates
Somatic symptom disorders
They assumed hysteria occurs due to the ____
Wandering uterus
In china and other asians countries, the “____” circulating throughout the body is associated with mental disorders
Wind
CHINA AND ASIAN COUNTRIES
mental disorders are caused by blockage of ___ or presence of ___
___ is their treatment
Wind
Yin
Acupuncture
A sexually transmitted disease that can induce psychotic symptoms
Syphilis
Patients with syphilis who deteriorated steadily, became paralyzed and died within 5 years of onset are diagnosed with ___
General paresis
Facilitated the discovery of the cause of syphilis
Louis pasteur germ theory
An american psychiatrist suggested that the cause of insanity is always physical
John P. Grey
People discover that the cure for general is by contracting ___
Malaria
___Used higher doses of insulin patients convulsed and they recovered their mental health. This is known as ____
Manfred sakel
Insulin shock therapy
Discovered the effect of electric shock to the head
Benjamin franklin
Observed that the schizophrenia is rare in patients with epilepsy. His followers concluded brain seizures might cure schizophrenia
Joseph Von meduna
Used as sedative
Opium
____ (reserpine) and ___ are used for hallucinations and delusions aswell as agitation and aggresiveness
Rauwolfia serpentine
Neuroleptics
Used for anxiety
Benzodiazepiness
Advocate the major ideas for biological tradition but he largely contributed to the area of diagnosis and classification
Emil kraepelin
Suggested that SOCIAL and CULTURAL influences as well as reasoning affect maladaptive behavior
Plato
Argued that SOCIAL ENVIRONMENT and early learning contribute to later psychopathology
Aristotle
It housed six men with mental illness in 1403 and was further accommodated patients in 1547
Priory of St. Mary of Bethlehem
It became popular with the name ___ and became london’s tourist attraction by the 18th century
Bedlam
Patients were confined in the spaces between inner square rooms and the outer walls, where they could be viewed by passerby
Lunatics tower
Emerged during the first half of the 19th century
Moral therapy
It is about treating patients as normally as possible in a setting that promotes normal social interaction
Moral therapy
___ and ___ introduced the moral therapy
Philippe pinel
Jean- baptiste pussin
Brought moral therapy to england
William tuke
William tuke established the ___ a pleasant country house where patients with mental illness lived, worked, and rested in a kindly, religious atmosphere
York Retreat
Founder of american psychiatry; introduced moral therapy to the united states
Benjamin Rush
Benjamin rush invented the ___ which was used to temporarily restrain and treat violent patients by strapping them down
Tranquilizing chair
Began the mental hygiene movement
Dorothea dix
___ Suggested that the mental disorders have something to do with an undetectable fluid called ___
Franz anton mesmer
Animal magnetism
Father of hypnosis
Franz anton mesmer
Prove that some techniques of mesmerism are effectively cured various psychological disorders
Jean- martin charcot
Applied a different use for hypnosis as to discover underlying conflict of his patients
Josef Breuer
Together with Breuer, discovered the unconscious mind and catharsis
Sigmund freud
Suggested that abnormal behavior develops when the ego fails in adaptation, reality testing and defenses
Anna freud
Suggested that the FORMATION of SELF CONCEPT and crucial attributes of the self affect the development of abnormality
Heinz kohut
Psychological conflict arises when varying positions of objects have been incorporated
Object relations
___ and ___ believe that removing barriers to internal and external growth results to the improvement of a person
Carl jung
Alfred adller
Freud devise the ___, ____ and. ____
Free association
Dream analysis
Transference
____ is more used in the modern time rather than classical psychoanalysis
Psychodynamic psychotherapy
The emergence of ____ stemmed from jung and adler
Humanistic psychology
____ refers to the concept that we can achieve our best potential if we have the freedom to grow
Self-actualizing
The ___ provided a more systematic and scientific approach to psychopathology
Behavior model
Introduced the concept of classical conditioning
Ivan pavlov
Founded the behaviorism
John B. Watson
The first to diminish phobia through behaviorism
Mary cover jones
Introduced SYSTEMATIC DESENSITIZATION
Joseph wolphe
Created the behavior therapy (2)
Hans Eysenck
Stanley Rachman
Formulated the operant conditioning
Burrhus Frederick skinner
Suggested that psychopathology could be best understood through the lenses of biology, psychology and sociology
Adolf Meyer
