Lesson 1 Flashcards
is a relatively permanent change in the mental processing, emotional functioning, skill, and/or behavior as a result of exposure to different experiences.
It is a lifelong, dynamics process by which individuals acquire new acknowledge
LEARNING
is a coherent frame-work of integrated constructs and principles that describe, explain or predict how people learn.
Learning Theory
Nurses can apply learning theories on the individuals, group and community levels be able to:
• To comprehend and teach new materials and tasks but also to solve problem
Change unhealthy habits
• Build constructive relationships
• Manage emotions
• Develop effective behavior
Major Theories of Learning
Behaviorist Learning Theory
Cognitive Learning Theory
Humanistic Learning Theory
defined learning as an observable change in behavior.
It closely observe responses to a situation and then manipulate the environment in some way to bring about the intended change (Kazdin, 2013).
Behaviorists learning theory
also termed association learning, classical conditioning Or Pavlovian conditioning
• Emphasizes the impor tance of stimulus conditions and the associations formed in the learning process (Ormrod, 2014).
Respondent Conditioning
Father of Classical conditioning, also known as Pavlovian conditioning.
• Pavlov’s work set the foundation for John B. Watson, and his idea of behaviorism.
Used theories of associative learning and behaviorism to create his own theory of Classical Conditioning.
Born on September 14, 1849
• Died on February 27, 1936
IVAN PAVLOV
PARTS OF CLASSICAL CONDITIONING
- that elicits a particular response without prior training. (Natural Stimulus) (this biologically happens)
UNCONDITIONED STIMULUS (UCS)
PARTS OF CLASSICAL CONDITIONING
- A response that occurs to a stimulus without prior training. (Natural Response) (this biologically happens).
UNCONDITIONED RESPONSE (UCR)
- stimulus that does not elicit a response.
NEUTRAL STIMULUS (NS)
- Event that produces a response after training
CONDITIONED STIMULUS (CS)
- learned to reaction to a conditioned stimulus
CONDITIONED RESPONSE (CR)
• Which as developed by B. F. Skinner.
Focuses on the behavior of the organism and the reinforcement that occurs after the response.
Operant Conditioning
-Application of a pleasant stimulus
POSITIVE REINFORCEMENT
a pleasant stimulus is applied following an organism’s response
REWARD CONDITIONING
-Removal of an aversive or unpleasant stimulus
NEGATIVE REINFORCEMENT
-following a response, an aversive stimulus is applied that the organism cannot escape or avoid
PUNISHMENT
What is the 2 types of punishment
POSITIVE
NEGATIVE
• The key to learning and changing is the individual’s cognition (perception, thought, memory and ways of processing and structuring information).
• Includes several well-known perspectives such as gestalt, information processing, human development, social constructivism and social cognition theory.
Cognitive Learning Theory
is one of the oldest psychologicaI theory.
Gestalt Perspective
• Is viewed as a highly active process largely directed by the individual.
• It involves perceiving the information, interpreting it based on what is already known, and then reorganizing the information into new insights or understanding.
Cognitive Learning
is a cognitive perspective that emphasizes thinking processes; thought, reasoning, the way information is encountered and stored and memory functioning (Gagne, 1985)
Information Processing
What stage is this?
Paying attention to environmental stimuli. Attention is the key to learning.
Stage 1 (Attention)
What stage is this?
Information is processed by the senses.
It is important to consider the client’s preferred mode of sensory processing (visual, auditory or motor manipulation) and to ascertain whether he or she has any sensory deficits.
Stage 2 (Processing)
