Lesson 1 Flashcards
What technique is used to attach a gene’s regulatory region to the coding region of GFP to study expression?
Reporter gene assay.
What technique visualizes protein localization in tissues?
Immunohistochemistry.
How is UNC26 mRNA visualized in sectioned tissue?
In situ hybridization.
Which technique is used to create loss-of-function mutations in mice?
CRISPR.
If a mutation disrupts mRNA and protein expression, where is the mutation likely located?
Promoter or regulatory region.
What technique verifies the presence of the UNC26 gene in mice?
PCR.
Which method confirms no UNC26 mRNA expression in homozygous mice?
qRT-PCR.
What is the purpose of actin in a Western blot experiment?
It serves as a loading control.
Which technique measures protein concentration from secreted media?
Direct (sandwich) ELISA.
Name two central themes of developmental biology.
Cells choose fates.
Cells change shape and move.
What powers cell shape change and migration?
The cytoskeleton.
How does cell structure fit function in epithelial cells?
Microvilli increase surface area for absorption.
Why are red blood cells small and flexible?
To move through narrow vessels and carry oxygen.
What enables neurons to transmit signals quickly?
Their long length.
List three pieces of evidence supporting the endosymbiotic theory.
Mitochondria and chloroplasts contain their own DNA.
They reproduce independently within the cell.
Their double membranes suggest engulfment by an ancestral eukaryote.
What is the main difference between light microscopy and fluorescence microscopy?
Light microscopy uses visible light, while fluorescence microscopy uses fluorescent dyes to visualize specific structures.
What are SEM and TEM used for?
SEM (Scanning Electron Microscopy): Surface details.
TEM (Transmission Electron Microscopy): Internal structure.
Name three characteristics shared by all cells.
Composed of macromolecules (proteins, lipids, nucleic acids, carbohydrates).
Contain DNA for genetic information.
Can reproduce and respond to stimuli.
