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LESSON 1 Flashcards

1
Q

THEORIES

A

-Theory of Special Creation
-Theory of Spontaneous Generation
-Theory of Biogenesis
-Theory of Biochemical Evolution
-Theory of Panspermia
-Deep-sea Hydrothermal Vent Theory

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2
Q

-Special Creationor Creationism
-The belief, in accordance with the Book ofGenesis, that every species was individually created byGodin the form in which it exists today and is not capable of undergoing any change.

A

Theory of Spontaneous Creation

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3
Q

-Spontaneous generation
-The hypothetical process by which living organisms develop from nonliving matter

A

Theory of Spontaneous Generation

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4
Q

-Based on the idea that life can only come from life, and it refers to any process by which a lifeform can give rise to another lifeform.
-It is an important theory of biology and molecular genetics, which postulates the production of new living organisms from preexisting life.

A

Theory of Biogenesis

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5
Q

-The Oparin and Haldane theory is known as biochemical theory for the origin of life.
-According to the Oparin-Haldane model, life could have arisen through a series of organic chemical reactions that produced ever more complex biochemical structures

A

Theory of Biochemical Evolution

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6
Q

-The panspermia theory argues thatlife is originated inspace, in spatial ices, and continuously distributed to the planets by comets and meteorites.

A

Theory of Panspermia

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7
Q

-A new theory proposes the primordial life-forms that gave rise to all life on Earth left deep-sea vents because of their “invention” of a tiny pump.
-These primitive cellular pumps would have powered life-giving chemical reactions.

A

Deep-Sea Hydrothermal Vent Theory

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8
Q

Paramecium
Amoeba
Bacteria
Yeast

A

UNICELLULAR

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9
Q

Animal Cell
Plant Cell
Human Body
Germ Cell

A

MULTICELLULAR

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10
Q

All living things originated from a common ancestor called the __________________________.

A

last universal common ancestor (LUCA)

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11
Q

microscopic living cells

A

MICROFOSSILS

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12
Q

mounded, layered structure that forms in shallow sunlit water when a mat of photosynthetic bacteria traps minerals and sediment

A

STROMATOLITES

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13
Q

Photosynthetic bacteria

A

CYANOBACTERIA

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14
Q

EUKARYOTIC CELL
eukaryotic means ____________-

A

possessing a true nucleus

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15
Q

PROKARYOTIC CELL
“Pro” means ________, and
“eu” means _______, or ____________.
So “Prokaryotic” means ______________

A

-before
-true or good
-before a nucleus

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16
Q

All cells have three things im common

A
  1. Cell membrane
  2. Cytoplasm
  3. DNA/ Genetic material
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17
Q

This separates the inside of the cell from its environment

A

Cell membrane

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18
Q

Jelly-like fluid

A

Cytoplasm

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19
Q

Cell’s genetic material

A

DNA

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20
Q

Two Types of Cell

A

-Eukaryotic Cell
-Prokaryotic Cell

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21
Q

TYPE OF CELL
-any cell or organism that possesses a clearly defined nucleus.

A

EUKARYOTIC CELL

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22
Q

TYPE OF CELL
-has linear DNA in a nucleus

A

EUKARYOTIC CELL

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23
Q

TYPE OF CELL
- Larger (10-100 um)

A

EUKARYOTIC CELL

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24
Q

TYPE OF CELL
- Undergoes Mitosis/Meiosis to make new cells

A

EUKARYOTIC CELL

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25
TYPE OF CELL - Multicellular
EUKARYOTIC CELL
26
TYPE OF CELL - Membrane-bound organelles
EUKARYOTIC CELL
27
TYPE OF CELL -has nucleus
EUKARYOTIC CELL
28
TYPE OF CELL more advanced, complex cells such as those found in plants and animals
EUKARYOTIC CELL
29
TYPE OF CELL - any organism that lacks a distinct nucleus and other organelles due to the absence of internal membranes.
PROKARYOTIC CELL
30
TYPE OF CELL - Has a nucleoid (condensed circular DNA)
PROKARYOTIC CELL
31
TYPE OF CELL - Smaller (1-5 um)
PROKARYOTIC CELL
32
TYPE OF CELL - Unicellular
PROKARYOTIC CELL
33
TYPE OF CELL - Evolutionarily older type of cell
PROKARYOTIC CELL
34
TYPE OF CELL -cell type in bacteria
PROKARYOTIC CELL
35
"little organ" - A small structure in a cell that is surrounded by a membrane and has a specific function
ORGANELLE
36
- is the membrane-enclosed organelle within a cell that contains the DNA
NUCLEUS
37
- or deoxyribonucleic acid, is the hereditary material in humans and almost all other organisms. - Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic cells have this
DNA
38
-Plasma membrane  -serves to separate the chromosomes from the cell's cytoplasm and other contents - Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic cells have this
NUCLEAR MEMBRANE
39
-  is a complex of DNA and proteins that forms chromosomes within the nucleus of eukaryotic cells
CHROMATIN
40
-  are bundles of tightly coiled DNA located within the nucleus of almost every cell in our body.
CHROMOSOMES
41
-   site of protein synthesis in the cell - Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic cells have this
RIBOSOMES
42
- a spherical structure found in the cell's nucleus whose primary function is to produce and assemble the cell's ribosomes.
NUCLEOLUS
43
-   gelatinous liquid that fills the inside of a cell. - Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic cells have this
CYTOPLASM
44
-produce proteins for the rest of the cell to function
ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM
45
TYPE OF ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM -   contains ribosomes
Rough endoplasmic reticulum (rER)
46
TYPE OF ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM -  does not contain ribosomes
Smooth endoplasmic reticulum (sER)
47
-   large, complex molecules that play many critical roles in the body. They do most of the work in cells and are required for the structure, function, and regulation of the body's tissues and organs
PROTEIN
48
-   a small structure within a cell, consisting of fluid enclosed by a lipid bilayer
VESICLE
49
-   a factory in which proteins received from the ER are further processed and sorted for transport to their eventual destinations: lysosomes, the plasma membrane, or secretion
Golgi apparatus (Golgi body)
50
-   contain hydrocarbons and make up the building blocks of the structure and function of living cells
Lipid
51
In animal cells, it help sequester waste products - Generally small
VASCUOLES
52
In plant cells, it help maintain water balance
(CENTRAL) VACUOLE
53
-   function as the digestive system of the cell, serving both to degrade material taken up from outside the cell and to digest obsolete components of the cell itself (found in animal cells only)
LYSOSOME
54
-  generate most of the chemical energy needed to power the cell's biochemical reactions.  - powerhouse of the cell
MITOCHONDRION
55
-   metabolic process in which oxygen is used to breakdown carbohydrates, fats and proteins to generate adenosine triphosphate (ATP). 
CELLULAR RESPIRATION
56
-   a structure that helps cells maintain their shape and internal organization, and it also provides mechanical support that enables cells to carry out essential functions like division and movement. 
CYTOSKELETON
57
-   protein filaments in the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells that form part of the cytoskeleton
MICROFILAMENTS
58
-   rigid hollow rods, provide structure and shape to eukaryotic cells, part of the cytoskeleton
MICROTUBULES
59
- is a eukaryotic cell enclosed by a cell wall, containing a membrane-bound nucleus and other cell organelles.
PLANT CELL
60
an organelle that contains the photosynthetic pigment chlorophyll that captures sunlight and converts it into useful energy
CHLOROPLAST
61
-   is the name of the green pigment that plants use to make food during a process called photosynthesis
CHLOROPHYLL
62
- small channels that directly connect the cytoplasm of neighboring plant cells to each other, establishing living bridges between cells
PLASMODESMATA
63
Hair-like projections callled _______ line the primary bronchus to remove microbes and debris from the interior of the lungs
CILIA
64
IN BACTERIA -a motility organelle that enables movement
FLAGELLA
65
The only human cell that has a flagella
SPERM CELLS
66
Plant and animal cells with a nucleus and membrane-enclosed organelles
EUKARYOTIC CELLS
67
Unicellular organisms without a nucleus or membrane-enclosed organelles
PROKARYOTIC CELLS
68
_____ cells have a cell membrane, cytoplasm, and genetic material
ALL
69
Both plant and animal cells have ___________
MITOCHONDRIA

Earth and Life Science (5 decks)

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