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Earth and Life Science > LESSON 1 > Flashcards

LESSON 1 Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

THEORIES

A

-Theory of Special Creation
-Theory of Spontaneous Generation
-Theory of Biogenesis
-Theory of Biochemical Evolution
-Theory of Panspermia
-Deep-sea Hydrothermal Vent Theory

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2
Q

-Special Creationor Creationism
-The belief, in accordance with the Book ofGenesis, that every species was individually created byGodin the form in which it exists today and is not capable of undergoing any change.

A

Theory of Spontaneous Creation

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3
Q

-Spontaneous generation
-The hypothetical process by which living organisms develop from nonliving matter

A

Theory of Spontaneous Generation

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4
Q

-Based on the idea that life can only come from life, and it refers to any process by which a lifeform can give rise to another lifeform.
-It is an important theory of biology and molecular genetics, which postulates the production of new living organisms from preexisting life.

A

Theory of Biogenesis

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5
Q

-The Oparin and Haldane theory is known as biochemical theory for the origin of life.
-According to the Oparin-Haldane model, life could have arisen through a series of organic chemical reactions that produced ever more complex biochemical structures

A

Theory of Biochemical Evolution

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6
Q

-The panspermia theory argues thatlife is originated inspace, in spatial ices, and continuously distributed to the planets by comets and meteorites.

A

Theory of Panspermia

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7
Q

-A new theory proposes the primordial life-forms that gave rise to all life on Earth left deep-sea vents because of their “invention” of a tiny pump.
-These primitive cellular pumps would have powered life-giving chemical reactions.

A

Deep-Sea Hydrothermal Vent Theory

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8
Q

Paramecium
Amoeba
Bacteria
Yeast

A

UNICELLULAR

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9
Q

Animal Cell
Plant Cell
Human Body
Germ Cell

A

MULTICELLULAR

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10
Q

All living things originated from a common ancestor called the __________________________.

A

last universal common ancestor (LUCA)

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11
Q

microscopic living cells

A

MICROFOSSILS

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12
Q

mounded, layered structure that forms in shallow sunlit water when a mat of photosynthetic bacteria traps minerals and sediment

A

STROMATOLITES

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13
Q

Photosynthetic bacteria

A

CYANOBACTERIA

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14
Q

EUKARYOTIC CELL
eukaryotic means ____________-

A

possessing a true nucleus

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15
Q

PROKARYOTIC CELL
“Pro” means ________, and
“eu” means _______, or ____________.
So “Prokaryotic” means ______________

A

-before
-true or good
-before a nucleus

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16
Q

All cells have three things im common

A
  1. Cell membrane
  2. Cytoplasm
  3. DNA/ Genetic material
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17
Q

This separates the inside of the cell from its environment

A

Cell membrane

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18
Q

Jelly-like fluid

A

Cytoplasm

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19
Q

Cell’s genetic material

A

DNA

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20
Q

Two Types of Cell

A

-Eukaryotic Cell
-Prokaryotic Cell

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21
Q

TYPE OF CELL
-any cell or organism that possesses a clearly defined nucleus.

A

EUKARYOTIC CELL

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22
Q

TYPE OF CELL
-has linear DNA in a nucleus

A

EUKARYOTIC CELL

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23
Q

TYPE OF CELL
- Larger (10-100 um)

A

EUKARYOTIC CELL

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24
Q

TYPE OF CELL
- Undergoes Mitosis/Meiosis to make new cells

A

EUKARYOTIC CELL

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25
Q

TYPE OF CELL
- Multicellular

A

EUKARYOTIC CELL

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26
Q

TYPE OF CELL
- Membrane-bound organelles

A

EUKARYOTIC CELL

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27
Q

TYPE OF CELL
-has nucleus

A

EUKARYOTIC CELL

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28
Q

TYPE OF CELL
more advanced, complex cells such as those found in plants and animals

A

EUKARYOTIC CELL

29
Q

TYPE OF CELL
- any organism that lacks a distinct nucleus and other organelles due to the absence of internal membranes.

A

PROKARYOTIC CELL

30
Q

TYPE OF CELL
- Has a nucleoid (condensed circular DNA)

A

PROKARYOTIC CELL

31
Q

TYPE OF CELL
- Smaller (1-5 um)

A

PROKARYOTIC CELL

32
Q

TYPE OF CELL
- Unicellular

A

PROKARYOTIC CELL

33
Q

TYPE OF CELL
- Evolutionarily older type of cell

A

PROKARYOTIC CELL

34
Q

TYPE OF CELL
-cell type in bacteria

A

PROKARYOTIC CELL

35
Q

“little organ”
- A small structure in a cell that is surrounded by a membrane and has a specific function

A

ORGANELLE

36
Q
  • isthe membrane-enclosed organelle within a cell that contains theDNA
A

NUCLEUS

37
Q
  • or deoxyribonucleic acid, isthe hereditary material in humans and almost all other organisms.
  • Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic cells have this
A

DNA

38
Q

-Plasma membrane
-serves to separate the chromosomes from the cell’s cytoplasm and other contents
- Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic cells have this

A

NUCLEAR MEMBRANE

39
Q
  • is a complex of DNA and proteins that forms chromosomes within the nucleus of eukaryotic cells
A

CHROMATIN

40
Q
  • are bundles of tightly coiled DNA located within the nucleus of almost every cell in our body.
A

CHROMOSOMES

41
Q
  • site of protein synthesis in the cell
  • Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic cells have this
A

RIBOSOMES

42
Q
  • a spherical structure found in the cell’s nucleus whose primary function is to produce and assemble the cell’s ribosomes.
A

NUCLEOLUS

43
Q
  • gelatinous liquid that fills the inside of a cell.
  • Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic cells have this
A

CYTOPLASM

44
Q

-produce proteins for the rest of the cell to function

A

ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM

45
Q

TYPE OF ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM
- contains ribosomes

A

Rough endoplasmic reticulum (rER)

46
Q

TYPE OF ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM
- does notcontain ribosomes

A

Smooth endoplasmic reticulum (sER)

47
Q
  • large, complex molecules that play many critical roles in the body. They do most of the work in cells and are required for the structure, function, and regulation of the body’s tissues and organs
A

PROTEIN

48
Q
  • a small structure within a cell, consisting of fluid enclosed by a lipid bilayer
A

VESICLE

49
Q
  • a factory in which proteins received from the ER are further processed and sorted for transport to their eventual destinations: lysosomes, the plasma membrane, or secretion
A

Golgi apparatus (Golgi body)

50
Q
  • contain hydrocarbons and make up the building blocks of the structure and function of living cells
A

Lipid

51
Q

In animal cells, it help sequester waste products
- Generally small

A

VASCUOLES

52
Q

In plant cells, it help maintain water balance

A

(CENTRAL) VACUOLE

53
Q
  • function asthe digestive system of the cell, serving both to degrade material taken up from outside the cell and to digest obsolete components of the cell itself (found in animal cells only)
A

LYSOSOME

54
Q

-generate most of the chemical energy needed to power the cell’s biochemical reactions.
- powerhouse of the cell

A

MITOCHONDRION

55
Q
  • metabolic process in which oxygen is used to breakdown carbohydrates, fats and proteins to generate adenosine triphosphate (ATP).
A

CELLULAR RESPIRATION

56
Q
  • a structure that helps cells maintain their shape and internal organization, and it also provides mechanical support that enables cells to carry out essential functions like division and movement.
A

CYTOSKELETON

57
Q
  • protein filaments in the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells that form part of the cytoskeleton
A

MICROFILAMENTS

58
Q
  • rigid hollow rods, provide structure and shape to eukaryotic cells, part of the cytoskeleton
A

MICROTUBULES

59
Q
  • is a eukaryotic cell enclosed by a cell wall, containing a membrane-bound nucleus and other cell organelles.
A

PLANT CELL

60
Q

an organelle that contains the photosynthetic pigment chlorophyll that captures sunlight and converts it into useful energy

A

CHLOROPLAST

61
Q
  • is the name of the green pigment that plants use to make food during a process called photosynthesis
A

CHLOROPHYLL

62
Q
  • small channels that directly connect the cytoplasm of neighboring plant cells to each other, establishing living bridges between cells
A

PLASMODESMATA

63
Q

Hair-like projections callled _______ line the primary bronchus to remove microbes and debris from the interior of the lungs

A

CILIA

64
Q

IN BACTERIA
-a motility organelle that enables movement

A

FLAGELLA

65
Q

The only human cell that has a flagella

A

SPERM CELLS

66
Q

Plant and animal cells with a nucleus and membrane-enclosed organelles

A

EUKARYOTIC CELLS

67
Q

Unicellular organisms without a nucleus or membrane-enclosed organelles

A

PROKARYOTIC CELLS

68
Q

_____ cells have a cell membrane, cytoplasm, and genetic material

A

ALL

69
Q

Both plant and animal cells have ___________

A

MITOCHONDRIA

Earth and Life Science (4 decks)

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