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ITC > Lesson 1 > Flashcards

Lesson 1 Flashcards

1
Q
  • electronic device that takes data, process the data
    according to a series of instruction
  • Can perform math and logical operations
  • manipulates data
A

COMPUTER

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2
Q

series of instruction that a computer must follow in order to
process data into information.

A

Program

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3
Q

Capabilities of Computers

A
  1. perform mathematical and logical operation.
  2. store or remember a great amount of info and retrieve or recall It instantly.
  3. can handle large volume of repetitive tasks
    accurately
  4. can communicate with its operators and other machines.
  5. control error and check itself
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4
Q

Limitations of Computers

A
  1. functions only when humans inputs the instruction
  2. can detect but can’t correct inaccurate info
  3. subject to occasional breakdown
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5
Q

Characteristics of Computers

A
  1. MACHINE
  2. ELECTRONIC
  3. AUTOMATIC
  4. LOGIC FUNCTIONS
  5. MEMORY
  6. MANIPULATE DATA
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6
Q

USes of Computers

A
  1. business
  2. home
  3. entertainment
  4. scientific research
  5. military
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7
Q

Benefits of Computers

A
  1. Storing or memorizing large amount of information.
  2. Quickly recalling a single piece of information.
  3. Rapidly performing a series of sequential tasks.
  4. Carrying out a specific action based on sensor
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8
Q

Types of Computers

A
  1. Mainframes
  2. Personal Computers
    * Desktop & laptop Computers
  3. Tablet PCs
  4. Media Centre
  5. Personal Digital Assistants (PDAs)
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9
Q

History of Computers ( in sequence)

A
  • ABACUS
  • NAPIER’S BONES
  • OUGHTRED’S SLIDE RULE
  • PASCAL’S CALCULATOR
  • LEIBNIZ CALCULATOR
  • BABBAGE ANALYTICAL ENGINE
  • Hollerith’s Punched Card Machine
  • George Boole
    “Boolean Algebra”
  • Alan Turing
    “General Purpose Programmable Computer”
  • John Atanasoff
    “first electronic digital purpose computer”
  • Grace Hopper
    Introduced the concept of debugging
  • Stanislaw Ulam
    “computer simulation”
  • Ted Hoff
    microprocessor chip
  • Paul Allen and William Howard (Bill Gates) co-founders of the Microsoft Corporation
  • Tim Berners-Lee
    invented the World Wide Web (www)
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10
Q

the 1st manual data processing device
* developed in China in 12th century A.D.
* performs arithmetic calculations

A

ABACUS

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11
Q

developed by a Scottish mathematician John Napier
* obtain products & quotients of large numbers

A

NAPIER’S BONES

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12
Q

invented by William Oughtred in 17th century
* arithmetic operations by simply sliding the rulers

A

OUGHTRED’S SLIDE RULE

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13
Q

by Gottfried Leibniz in 1694
* has same techniques for addition & subtraction as
Pascal’s device but could also perform multiplication, division
& square root

A

LEIBNIZ CALCULATOR

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14
Q

use 2 types of cards: operation cards & variable cards
* developed by Charles Babbage, the Father of Modern Computer.

A

BABBAGE ANALYTICAL ENGINE

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15
Q

first programmer

A
  • Augusta Ada Byron,
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16
Q

Herman Hollerith in 1880
considered as the 1st commercially successful data
processing machine.

A

Hollerith’s Punched Card Machine

17
Q

“Boolean Algebra”

A

1800’s
George Boole

18
Q

“General Purpose Programmable Computer”

A

Alan Turing 1930’s

19
Q

by Blaise Pascal in 1645
* could add & subtract numbers up to 8 digits

A

PASCAL’S CALCULATOR

20
Q

“first electronic digital purpose computer”
or “Atanasoff Berry Computer”.

A

John Atanasoff

21
Q

introduced the concept of debugging

A

1940’s
Grace Hopper

22
Q

ENIAC
EDVAC
EDSAC

A

ENIAC – Electronics Numerical Integrator and Computer
EDVAC – Electronic Discrete Variable Automatic Computer
EDSAC – Electronic Delay Storage Automatic Computer

23
Q

“computer simulation”

A

Stanislaw Ulam

24
Q

microprocessor chip

A

1960’s
Ted Hoff

25
Q

The co-founders of the Microsoft Corporation

A

1970’s
Paul Allen and William Howard (Bill Gates)

26
Q
  • proposed/invented the World Wide Web (www
A

1980’s
Tim Berners-Lee

27
Q

Computer Classifications

A
  1. According to age and component generations
  2. According to size
  3. According to Operation
  4. According to Application
  5. According to Design
28
Q

According to Age and Component Generations

A

FIRST GENERATION
- VACUUM TUBES
SECOND GENERATION
TRANSISTORS (transfer resistance)
THIRD GENERATION
INTEGRATED CIRCUITS
FOURTH GENERATION
Medium Scale Integration (MSI)
Large Scale Integration (LSI)
FIFTH GENERATION
ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE (AI)

29
Q

According to Size

A
  1. MAINFRAME
  2. MINICOMPUTERS
  3. MICROCOMPUTER
30
Q

ACCORDING TO OPERATION

A
  1. DIGITAL COMPUTER
    ANALOG COMPUTER
    HYBRID COMPUT
31
Q

ACCORDING TO APPLICATION

A
  1. SCIENTIFIC COMPUTERS
  2. BUSINESS COMPUTERS
32
Q

ACCORCDNG TO DESIGN

A
  1. GENERAL PURPOSE COMPUTERS
  2. SPECIAL PURPOSE COMPUTERS

ITC (4 decks)

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