LESSON 1

Question 1

Dutch inventors, made the first simple microscope in ________

Answer 1

Hans Lippershey and Zacharias Janssen
1590

Question 2

an Englishman, gave the term “cell” for the box-like structures observed in a cork tissue under the microscope in ____

Answer 2

Robert Hooke
1667

Question 3

a Dutch naturalist, observed sperm cells, red blood cells, bacteria, and other microscopic organisms in rainwater after his invention of a more powerful microscope. A nucleus was observed within some of the red blood cells.

Answer 3

Anton van Leeuwenhoek
1675

Question 4

Around 1675, Anton van Leeuwenhoek, a Dutch naturalist, observed s_____________, _________________, _______________, and other microscopic organisms in rainwater after his invention of a more powerful microscope.

Answer 4

Sperm cells, red blood cells, bacteria

Question 5

a German botanist, studied plant structures under the microscope

Answer 5

Matthias Schleiden

Question 6

Matthias Schleiden, a German botanist, studied plant structures under the microscope. In ____, he stated that all plants are composed of cells.

Answer 6

1838

Question 7

In _____, it was concluded that all animals are composed of cells by __________, a German zoologist. He studied on animal tissues.

Answer 7

1839
Theodor Schwann

Question 8

a German biologist, observed dividing cells during his work. Such observation made him conclude that all living cells come from preexisting cells.

Answer 8

Rudolf Virchow

Question 9

three main parts of the cell

Answer 9

the cell membrane or plasma membrane
cytoplasm
nucleus

Question 10

what are the specialized organelles in the cytoplasm

Answer 10

Centrioles, cytoskeleton, and plastids

Question 11

It is the control center of the cell that regulates and coordinates all activities of the cell

Answer 11

Nucleus

Question 12

are the sites for the breakdown of sugar molecules into adenosine triphosphate or ATP, which is the main source of energy in the body.

Answer 12

Mitochondria

Question 13

are the sites of protein synthesis. The coded message from DNA as to what kind of protein is to be synthesized is carried by the mRNA from the nucleus to the ______.

Answer 13

Ribosomes

Question 14

consists of flattened sheets, sacs, and tubes of membranes that extend throughout the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells. It is structurally continuous with the nuclear membrane, and it specializes in the transport of lipids and membrane proteins.

Answer 14

Endoplasmic reticulum (ER)

Question 15

A system of flattened, membrane-bound sacs that looks like stack of pancakes is the _________. Its function is to modify, sort, and pack macromolecules for secretion or for transport to other organelles.

Answer 15

Golgi apparatus

Question 16

also produced by the Golgi apparatus. It is a membrane-bound organelle that comes in various sizes and shapes. _________contain numerous hydrolytic or digestive enzymes for the breakdown of carbohydrates, proteins, and fats within the cell. Thus, they are known as “digestive sacs.” Destruction or repair of defective parts of the cell is another function of _________.

Answer 16

Lysosomes

Question 17

Another membrane-bound vesicles that contain oxidative enzymes are the ______________. Enzymes responsible for oxidizing certain molecules to form hydrogen peroxide are found in _______. They are abundantly found in liver cells, where fats and lipids are metabolized. In plants, they convert fatty acids into sugars needed by growing seedlings during seed germination.

Answer 17

peroxisomes.

Question 18

are large storage sacs in cells. The smaller ones are called vesicles. In animals, some vacuoles function for storage of water or food, while others are for excretion of waste materials. _________in plants occupy up to 95% of the cell volume. Intracellular digestion, space filling, and control of cell turgor are some of the functions of vacuoles in plants. They contain water, 7 sugar, salts, and anthocyanin pigment.

Answer 18

Vacuoles

Question 19

Outside the nucleus of animal cells is found the _________ It consists of two rod-shaped centrioles which are at right angle to each other. They replicate before cell division resulting into two pairs of centrioles that later move apart becoming part of the newly formed cells. They are believed to function in the formation of spindle fibers.

Answer 19

centrosome.

Question 20

A network of interconnected protein filaments that extends throughout the cytoplasm is the_______ that provides the cell’s structural support. It is responsible for cell shape and motility.

Answer 20

cytoskeleton