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Swine Production > Lesson 1 > Flashcards

Lesson 1 Flashcards

1
Q

the most important aspect in starting a pig farm

A

SELECTION OF BREEDING

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2
Q

Recommendation in selecting a breed

A
  1. Select breed combination or strain that is the most common in the community.
  2. Start preferably in the crossbred or upgraded animals
  3. Consider the market outlet and the consumer preference
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3
Q

2 Bases of Selection

A
  1. Physical Selection
  2. Performance
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4
Q

Contribute the half of the genetic make up of the whole herd

A

BOAR

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5
Q

Physical Traits of Boars

A
  1. Select boars that are masculine and well developed testicles of about the same size.
  2. Select boars that posses a strong constitution and high libid, but controlled temperament.
  3. Select boars with strong pasterns, particulary in hind legs, a strong back and a ling body
  4. Select boars with no physical and heredity defects such as hernias ( umbilical and scrotal) undescended testes (cryptorchidism) and blind or inverted teats
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6
Q

Performance Basis

A

1.Select boars that posses a good muscle development in the ham, loin, and shoulder. Avoid excessive backfat. Backfat thickness should not exceed 2cm in 90kg LW.
2. Select boars that show an ADG of not less than 800g (28-90kg LW) and a feed conversion efficiency of not more than 2.5. Boars should be atleast 90kg and not more than 160 days of age during selection

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7
Q

the other half of the genetic make up of the herd

A

GILTS

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8
Q

Pointers in selecting Gilts

A
  1. Select gilts with good temperament and smooth in general appearance
  2. Select gilts with atleast six pairs of prominent, well spaced teats
  3. Select gilts with relatively long body to comfortably accomodate the suckling pigs while nursing
  4. Select gilts with strong legs and pasterns.
  5. Select gilts with strong, straight, or slightlu arched, but not too broad back
  6. Select gilts with backfat of about 2cm at 90kg
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9
Q

The removal of undesirable individuals in terms of economically important traits and overall performance

A

Culling

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10
Q

Traits in culling

A

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11
Q

The mating of two purebred animals of the same breed.

A

Purebreeding

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12
Q

genetically to produce superior animals for commercial pig production systems

A

Purebreeding

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13
Q

mating of two individuals belonging to different breeds. this practice is to take advantage of the heterosis or hybrid vigor

A

Crossbreeding

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14
Q

the most practical and popular scheme fir the production of slaughter pigs

A

Production of triple cross pigs

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15
Q

mating of individuals that are closely related to each other by ancestry.

A

Inbreeding

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16
Q

the adverse effects of inbreeding

A

inbreeding depression

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17
Q

this should be maintained to determine the relationshio of the sire and dams in the herd to prevent inbreeding

A

Sound Record

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18
Q

Swine Breeder Farm Accreditstion program

A

Administrative Order No.14 Series of 2000

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19
Q

how many months does the swine reach puberty

A

5 months

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20
Q

how many days or in months does the gilts should be bred and how kls.

A

225 or 7 and half months and weighing around 120 - 130 kls and cycled at leat twice

21
Q

How long does the estrous cycle last in sow and sexually mature gilts

A

18 - 24 days
Average is 21 days

22
Q

How long does the estrous cycle last in sow and sexually mature gilts

A

18 - 24 days
Average is 21 days

23
Q

how long does the estrous cycle lasts?

A

2-5 days

24
Q

Common signs of estrous

A

1-8

25
Q

the surest indication of sow is in heat

A

her acceptance of the boar

26
Q

Methods in Sexual Receptivity

A
  1. Back pressure test
    2.riding the back test
  2. Semen on snout test
  3. teaser boar method
  4. examinatiin of external signs of estrous and records
27
Q

how many days does the gestation in gilts and sows

A

110-119 days ranges
114 days the average
3 months, 3 weeks and 3 days

28
Q

common signs of pregnancy

A

Cessation of estrous cycle
Develops good appetite and fattens readily
Enlargement of the abdoment in the latter part of the pregnancy

29
Q

Methods and Equipment used in pregnancy diagnosis

A

Review of records
Evaluation of external signs
Ultrasound-amplitute depth ultrasound machind
Ultrasound doppler test
Ultrasound Scanner

30
Q

involves bringing the boar to mate an “in heat” sow/gilt or vice versa, and then separting the two after mating

A

Natural mating or Hand mating

31
Q

the most practical and efficient method to carry out genetic improvement in swine.

A

Artificial Insemination

32
Q

Process of Success of Artificial Insemination

A

Training of Boar
Semen Collection
Semen Evaluation
Semen Processing
Semen Storage
Handling and Transport of semen
Inseminating an in heat sow/gilt
Insemination Time

33
Q

4 Sperm Fraction

A
  1. Sperm rich Fraction
  2. First gel with clear fluid fraction
  3. Clear fluid Fraction
  4. Gel rich fraction (Tapioca)
34
Q

2 types of semen Evaluation

A

Physical and Microscopic

35
Q

under the physical semen evaluation

A

Volume
Appearance
Smell/Odor

36
Q

Under the microscopic semen evaluation

A

Concentration
Morphology
Motility

37
Q

how many hours does the conception rate may be obtained by the semen

A

12 hours

38
Q

allowas the use of one ejaculate for more than one female

A

Dilution

39
Q

Ideal temperature of the semen

A

16 - 17 °C

40
Q

use in lubricating the catheter

A

Spermicidal jelly
paraffin oil
few drops of semen

41
Q

the best time to inseminate a gilt/sow on how many hours

A

30 hours of the estrous phase

42
Q

A second dose given after?

A

12 hours fir gilts
24 for sows

43
Q

how old the boar rich its puberty

A

4 - 6 months old

44
Q

how old the boar is ready for breeding and how kls

A

8 month old
120-130 kls

45
Q

when to buy boars

A

6-8 weeks

46
Q

frequiency of semen collection

A

8-12 months one a week
13months - up 2-3 times a week (4 consecutive rest)

47
Q

planned of culling the biar

A

30-36 months

48
Q

replace boars every

A

1.5 - 2 years

Swine Production (2 decks)

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