Lesson 1 Flashcards
the most important aspect in starting a pig farm
SELECTION OF BREEDING
Recommendation in selecting a breed
- Select breed combination or strain that is the most common in the community.
- Start preferably in the crossbred or upgraded animals
- Consider the market outlet and the consumer preference
2 Bases of Selection
- Physical Selection
- Performance
Contribute the half of the genetic make up of the whole herd
BOAR
Physical Traits of Boars
- Select boars that are masculine and well developed testicles of about the same size.
- Select boars that posses a strong constitution and high libid, but controlled temperament.
- Select boars with strong pasterns, particulary in hind legs, a strong back and a ling body
- Select boars with no physical and heredity defects such as hernias ( umbilical and scrotal) undescended testes (cryptorchidism) and blind or inverted teats
Performance Basis
1.Select boars that posses a good muscle development in the ham, loin, and shoulder. Avoid excessive backfat. Backfat thickness should not exceed 2cm in 90kg LW.
2. Select boars that show an ADG of not less than 800g (28-90kg LW) and a feed conversion efficiency of not more than 2.5. Boars should be atleast 90kg and not more than 160 days of age during selection
the other half of the genetic make up of the herd
GILTS
Pointers in selecting Gilts
- Select gilts with good temperament and smooth in general appearance
- Select gilts with atleast six pairs of prominent, well spaced teats
- Select gilts with relatively long body to comfortably accomodate the suckling pigs while nursing
- Select gilts with strong legs and pasterns.
- Select gilts with strong, straight, or slightlu arched, but not too broad back
- Select gilts with backfat of about 2cm at 90kg
The removal of undesirable individuals in terms of economically important traits and overall performance
Culling
Traits in culling
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The mating of two purebred animals of the same breed.
Purebreeding
genetically to produce superior animals for commercial pig production systems
Purebreeding
mating of two individuals belonging to different breeds. this practice is to take advantage of the heterosis or hybrid vigor
Crossbreeding
the most practical and popular scheme fir the production of slaughter pigs
Production of triple cross pigs
mating of individuals that are closely related to each other by ancestry.
Inbreeding
the adverse effects of inbreeding
inbreeding depression
this should be maintained to determine the relationshio of the sire and dams in the herd to prevent inbreeding
Sound Record
Swine Breeder Farm Accreditstion program
Administrative Order No.14 Series of 2000
how many months does the swine reach puberty
5 months
how many days or in months does the gilts should be bred and how kls.
225 or 7 and half months and weighing around 120 - 130 kls and cycled at leat twice
How long does the estrous cycle last in sow and sexually mature gilts
18 - 24 days
Average is 21 days
How long does the estrous cycle last in sow and sexually mature gilts
18 - 24 days
Average is 21 days
how long does the estrous cycle lasts?
2-5 days
Common signs of estrous
1-8
the surest indication of sow is in heat
her acceptance of the boar
Methods in Sexual Receptivity
- Back pressure test
2.riding the back test - Semen on snout test
- teaser boar method
- examinatiin of external signs of estrous and records
how many days does the gestation in gilts and sows
110-119 days ranges
114 days the average
3 months, 3 weeks and 3 days
common signs of pregnancy
Cessation of estrous cycle
Develops good appetite and fattens readily
Enlargement of the abdoment in the latter part of the pregnancy
Methods and Equipment used in pregnancy diagnosis
Review of records
Evaluation of external signs
Ultrasound-amplitute depth ultrasound machind
Ultrasound doppler test
Ultrasound Scanner
involves bringing the boar to mate an “in heat” sow/gilt or vice versa, and then separting the two after mating
Natural mating or Hand mating
the most practical and efficient method to carry out genetic improvement in swine.
Artificial Insemination
Process of Success of Artificial Insemination
Training of Boar
Semen Collection
Semen Evaluation
Semen Processing
Semen Storage
Handling and Transport of semen
Inseminating an in heat sow/gilt
Insemination Time
4 Sperm Fraction
- Sperm rich Fraction
- First gel with clear fluid fraction
- Clear fluid Fraction
- Gel rich fraction (Tapioca)
2 types of semen Evaluation
Physical and Microscopic
under the physical semen evaluation
Volume
Appearance
Smell/Odor
Under the microscopic semen evaluation
Concentration
Morphology
Motility
how many hours does the conception rate may be obtained by the semen
12 hours
allowas the use of one ejaculate for more than one female
Dilution
Ideal temperature of the semen
16 - 17 °C
use in lubricating the catheter
Spermicidal jelly
paraffin oil
few drops of semen
the best time to inseminate a gilt/sow on how many hours
30 hours of the estrous phase
A second dose given after?
12 hours fir gilts
24 for sows
how old the boar rich its puberty
4 - 6 months old
how old the boar is ready for breeding and how kls
8 month old
120-130 kls
when to buy boars
6-8 weeks
frequiency of semen collection
8-12 months one a week
13months - up 2-3 times a week (4 consecutive rest)
planned of culling the biar
30-36 months
replace boars every
1.5 - 2 years
