LESSON 1

Question 1

-from Miletus, Turkey
o Father of Philosophy according to Aristotle.
o Water is the fundamental principle of our natural world.
o Astronomer and mathematician – established that a year has 365 days and four seasons.
o “Hope is the only good that is common to all men; those who have nothing else possess hope still”

Answer 1

THALES

Question 2

-from Samos, Greece
o Metempsychosis
o Polymath
o Pythagorean theorem (c2 = a2 + b2
)
o “Silence is better than unmeaning words”.

Answer 2

PHYTAGORAS

Question 3

from Ephesus, Turkey
o Doctrine of Universal Flux (Change) & Unity of Opposites
o Cosmology- Fire forms the basic material of the world.
o “The Obscure, The weeping philosopher”
o “There is nothing permanent except change”.

Answer 3

HERACLITUS

Question 4

from Abdera, Greece
o Atomic Theory – all matter consists of particles called atoms.
o Theory of perception
o Value of cheerfulness”
o “The Laughing philosopher”
o “Everything existing in the universe is the fruit of chance and necessity”.

Answer 4

DEMOCRITUS

Question 5

– from Sinope, Turkey
o Cynic Philosopher
o Simple and Virtuous life - often slept in a large ceramic jar in the marketplace.
o The “Dog”
o “ The foundation of every state is the education of its youth”.

Answer 5

DIOGENES

Question 6

– from Samos, Greece
o Life of pleasure and tranquility
o Ataraxia—peace and freedom from fear
o Aponia—the absence of pain
o The Garden
o “The art of living well and the art of dying well are one”.

Answer 6

EPICURUS

Question 7

from Athens, Greece
o The founder of western philosophy
o The first moral philosopher
o Elenchus
o Ethics and epistemology
o “The only true wisdom is in knowing you know nothing…”.

Answer 7

SOCRATES

Question 8

– from Athens, Greece
o Academy in Athens
o Student of Socrates
o Dialectic
o The “Republic”
o Politics and Metaphysics
o “Opinion is the medium between knowledge and ignorance”.

Answer 8

PLATO

Question 9

– from Stagira, Greece
o Student of Plato
o Ideas and views are based on perceptions.
o Deductive reasoning
o Physics, biology, zoology, metaphysics, logic, ethics, aesthetics, poetry, theatre, music, rhetoric,
psychology, linguistics, economics, politics, and government.
o Empiricism
o “Quality is not an act; it is a habit”.

Answer 9

ARISTOTLE