LESSON 1 Flashcards

1
Q

is defined as taking a general view of, by observation and measurement determining the boundaries, size, position, quantity, condition, value etc. of land, estates, building, farms mines etc. and finally presenting the survey data in a suitable form.

A

SURVEYING

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2
Q

This covers the
work of the valuation surveyor, the quantity surveyor, the building
surveyor, the mining surveyor and so forth, as well as the land surveyor.

A

SURVEYING

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3
Q

as the act of making
measurement of the relative position of natural and manmade features
on earths surface and the presentation of this information either
graphically or numerically

A

SURVEYING

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4
Q

is the art and science of determining the relative positions of various points or stations on the surface of the earth by measuring the horizontal and vertical distances. angles and taking the details of these points and by preparing a map or plan to any scale.

A

SURVEYING

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5
Q

3 STAGES O FTHE PROCESS OF SURVEYING

A
  1. TAKING A GENERAL VIEW
  2. OBSERVATION AND MEASUREMENT
  3. PRESENTATION OF DATA
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6
Q

This part of the definition is important as it indicates the need to obtain an overall
picture of what is required before any type of survey work is undertaken. In land surveying, this is achieved during the reconnaissance study.

A
  1. TAKING A GENERAL VIEW
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7
Q

This part of the definition denotes the next stage of any survey, which in land
surveying constitutes the measurement to determine the relative position and
sizes of natural and artificial features on the land

A
  1. OBSERVATION AND MEASUREMENT
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8
Q

The data collected in any survey must be presented in a form which allows the
information to be clearly interpreted and understood by others. This presentation
may take the form of written report, bills of quantities, datasheets, drawings and
in land surveying maps and plan showing the features on the land

A
  1. PRESENTATION OF DATA
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9
Q

WHAT ARE THE 2 TYPES OF SURVEYING

A

PLANE SURVEYING AND GEODETIC SURVEYING

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10
Q

is the type of surveying where the mean surface of the earth is considered as a plane. All angles are considered to be plane angles.

A

plane surveying

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11
Q

s that branch of surveying, which takes into account the true shape of the earth (spheroid).

A

geodetic surveying

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12
Q

For small areas less than 250 km2 __________________ can safely be used. For
most engineering projects such as canal, railway, highway, building, pipeline,
etc constructions, this type of surveying is used.

A

plane surveying

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13
Q

It is worth noting that the
difference between an arc distance of 18.5 km and the subtended chord lying
in the earth surface is ____.

A

7mm

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14
Q

Also the sum of the angles of a plane triangle
and the sum of the angles in a spherical triangle differ by________ for a
triangle on the earth surface having an area of __________

A

1 second
196 km2

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15
Q

type of surveying in which earth’s surface is considered as a plane and the curvature of the earth is ignored.

A

plane surveying

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16
Q

the line joining any two stations is considered to be straight

A

plane surveying

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17
Q

type of surveying in which the curvature of the earth is taken into consideration

A

geodetic surveying

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18
Q

the lining joining any two stations is considered as a curved line

A

geodetic surveying

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19
Q

The triangle formed by any three points
is considered as plane triangle.

A

plane surveying

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20
Q

The triangle formed by any three
points is considered as spherical
triangle.

A

geodetic surveying

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21
Q

It is done on an area less than 250 Km2

A

plane surveying

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22
Q

It is done on an area greater than 250
Km2

A

geodetic surveying

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23
Q

OBJECTIVE OF SURVEYING

The aim of surveying is to
_______________ to show
the relative positions of the
objects on the surface of the
earth.

A

prepare a plan or map

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24
Q

The _________ is drawn to
some suitable scale. It shows
the natural features of a
country such as towns, villages,
roads, railways, rivers, etc

A

MAP

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25
Q

may also include details
of different engineering works,
such as roads, railways,
irrigation, canals, etc

A

MAP

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26
Q

2 PRINCIPLES OF SURVEYING

A

i. Work from whole to part
ii. To locate a new station by at least two measurement (linear or angular) from
a fixed reference point.

27
Q

In surveying large areas, a system of control points are identified and they are
located with high precision. Then secondary control points are located using lesser precise methods. The details of the localized areas are measured and plotted with respect to the secondary control points. This is called

A

working from whole t o part

28
Q

4 classifications of surveying

A

i. Nature of the survey field
ii. Object of survey
iii. Instruments used and
iv. The methods employed

29
Q

On this basis survey may be classified as land survey, marine or hydraulic survey
and astronomical survey

A

i. Classification Based on Nature of Survey Field

30
Q

It involves measurement of various objects on land.

A
  1. Land Survey
31
Q
  1. classifications under nature of the survey field
A
  1. land survey
  2. marine survey
  3. astronomical survey
32
Q

3 types of survey under land survey

A
  1. topographic survey
    2.cadastral survey
    3.city survey
33
Q

It is meant for plotting natural features like rivers,
lakes, forests and hills as well as man made features like roads, railways,
towns, villages and canals

A

topographic survey

34
Q

It is for marking the boundaries of municipalities, villages,
talukas, districts, states etc. The survey made to mark properties of
individuals also come under this category.

A

cadastal survey

35
Q

The survey made in connection with the construction of
streets, water supply and sewage lines fall under this category

A

city survey

36
Q

Survey conducted to find depth of water
(sounding) at various points in bodies of water like sea, river and lakes fall
under this category. Finding depth of water at specified points is known as
sounding

A

Marine or Hydrographic Survey.

37
Q

Observations made to heavenly bodies like sun, stars
etc., to locate absolute positions of points on the earth and for the purpose of
calculating local time is known as astronomical survey

A

Astronomical Survey.

38
Q

On the basis of object of survey the classification can be as engineering survey,
military survey, mines survey, geological survey and archeological survey

A

ii. Classification Based on Object of Survey

39
Q

5 classification in object of survey

A
  1. engineering survey
  2. military survey
    3.mines survey
  3. geological survey
    5.archaeological survey
40
Q

The objective of this type of survey is to collect data for
designing civil engineering projects like roads, railways, irrigation, water supply
and sewage disposals.

A

engineering survey

41
Q

engineering survey is sub divided into:

A
  1. Reconnaissance Survey
  2. Preliminary Survey
42
Q

for determining feasibility and estimation of the scheme

A

Reconnaissance Survey

43
Q

for collecting more information to estimate the cost of the
project, and Location Survey to set the work on the ground.

A

Preliminary Survey

44
Q

This survey is for working out plans of strategic importance.

A

military survey

45
Q

This is used for exploring mineral wealth.

A

mines survey

46
Q

This survey is for finding different strata in the earth’s crust.

A

geological survey

47
Q

This survey is for unearthing relics of antiquity

A

archaeological survey

48
Q

7 Classification Based on Instruments Used

A

i. Chain survey
ii. Compass survey
iii. Plane table survey
iv. Theodolite survey
v. Tacheometric survey
vi. Modern survey using electronic distance meters (EDM) and total station
vii. Photographic and Aerial survey

49
Q

On this basis surveying is classified as triangulation and traversing.

A

Classification Based on Methods Employed

50
Q

In this method control points are established through a
network of triangles.

A

Triangulation

51
Q

In this scheme of establishing control points consists of a series of
connected points established through linear and angular measurements

A

traversing

52
Q

If the
last line meets the starting point it is called as ________

A

losed traverse.

53
Q

If it does not
meet, it is known as ____________

A

open traverse.

54
Q

may be defined as the graphical representation of the
features on, near or below the surface of the earth as projected on a horizontal
plane to a suitable scale

A

plan

55
Q

If the
area to be represented is small, the distortion is less and large scale can be used.
Such representations are called ___________

A

plans

56
Q

If the area to be represented is large, small,
scales are to be used and distortion is large. Representation of larger areas are
called

A

maps

57
Q

Representation of a particular locality in a municipal area is a __________
while representation of a state/country is a ___________

A

plan
map

58
Q

is the ratio of the distance marked on the plan to the corresponding
distance on the ground.

A

scale

59
Q

Types of Scales are generally classified as

A

large, medium and small.

60
Q

1 cm = 10 m or less than 10 m.

A

large scale

61
Q

1 cm = 10 m to 100 m.

A

medium scale

62
Q

1 cm = 100 m or more than 100 m

A

small scale

63
Q

1cm = 50 m

A

Engineer’s scale :

64
Q

is a line drawn on the map so that its map distance corresponds
to a convenient units of length on the ground.

A

graphical scale