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Linux 010-160 Prep > Lesson 1 > Flashcards

Lesson 1 Flashcards

1
Q

How is Debian GNU/Linux different from Ubuntu? Name two aspects.

A
  1. Ubuntu is easier for beginners because ubuntu requires less configuration
  2. Stability - Debian is mores table because it receives fewer updates. Ubuntu has a more up to date release cadence
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2
Q

What are the most common environments/platforms Linux is used for? Name three different environments/platforms and name one distribution you can use for each.

A

Desktop, Server, Smartphone

Server/Desktop - Debian, Ubuntu, Red Hat, CentOS
Smartphone - Android

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3
Q

You are planning to install a Linux distribution in a new environment. Name four things that you should consider when choosing a distribution.

A

Cost, Performance, Scalability, Stability

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4
Q

Name three devices that the android OS runs on, other than smartphones

A

Smart TVs, tablets, Android Auto, Smartwatches

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5
Q

Explain three major advantages of cloud computing

A

Flexibility, ease of recovery and low use cost. They are also easy to implement and scale.

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6
Q

In a business setting, which distributions would be most suitable to reduce licensing costs?

A

CentOS because it incorporates Red Hat products while still being free to use.

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7
Q

What are the major advantages of using a raspberry pi?

A

Small in size, low cost, uses not a lot of electricity

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8
Q

What distros do Amazon and GCP offer?

A

Ubuntu, CentOS, and Red Hat. Along with Amazon Linux, Kali Linux

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9
Q

Name Debian based package managers

A

apt, dkpg, apt-get

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10
Q

Name Red Hat, Fedora and CentOS package managers

A

rpm, yum, dnf

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11
Q

what does apt-cache do?

A

Searches for a package and gives a description of it

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12
Q

what does yum search do?

A

Gives a description of the package you search for

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13
Q

Name some popular office programs that are on linux?

A

LibreOffice and Apache OpenOffice

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14
Q

Name some popular multimedia creation programs

A

Blender, GIMP, Inkscape (like corel draw, vector based), Audacity, ImageMagick (CLI tool to convert images and create PDFs)

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15
Q

Name popular web servers

A

Nginx, Apache, lighttpd

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16
Q

How can you share data on local network?

A

Using an NFS (Network File System)

17
Q

What is NFS?

A

Network FIle System is a protocol to share file systems in networks for Linux and Unix machines.

18
Q

Name the common LibreOffice programs

A

Writer (doc), Calc (xlsx), Impress (ppt)

19
Q

Which software package allows file sharing between Linux and Windows machines over local network?

20
Q

Briefly describe the 4 levels of software freedom

A

Freedom 0 - Free to use
Freedom 1 - Free to study and change the source code
Freedom 2 - Freedom to redistribute copies
Freedom 3 - Free to distribute modified copies

21
Q

How do proprietary software licenses typically differ from open source licenses?

A

Proprietary licenses, such as those from Microsoft or SAP, are tailored specifically to their products and restrict the user’s rights in various ways. Open source licenses, however, aim for clarity and general validity, allowing users to understand, use, and modify the software.

22
Q

What is the copyleft principle as defined by the Free Software Foundation (FSF)?

A

The copyleft principle mandates that modified versions of software must also be free, ensuring that the liberal principles of a software license apply unrestrictedly to future variants of the software to prevent subsequent restrictions.

23
Q

What is the GNU General Public License (GPL) and its significance in open source software?

A

The GPL is one of the most important licenses for free software formulated by the FSF, used by many projects like the Linux kernel. It ensures that software remains free and open, requiring any derivative works to also be open source under the same license.

24
Q

Describe the GNU Lesser General Public License (LGPL) and its use case.

A

The LGPL is a variant of the GPL that allows free software to be linked with proprietary software, typically used for libraries. Modifications to the free software part must be open, but proprietary code can remain closed.

25
Q

What is dual licensing, and why is it used?

A

Dual licensing is a model where software is available under two different licenses: a free/open source license and a proprietary license. This allows the use of the software under less restrictive terms for a fee, providing a way to monetize the software while keeping it open source.

26
Q

Explain the role of the Open Source Initiative (OSI) in software licensing.

A

The OSI reviews and approves software licenses to ensure compliance with the Open Source Definition, promoting transparency and openness in software use and distribution.

27
Q

What are permissive licenses, and how do they differ from copyleft licenses?

A

Permissive licenses, like the BSD licenses, allow broad freedoms, including commercial use and modification without requiring the distribution of derivative works to be under the same license, unlike copyleft licenses which require sharing improvements.

28
Q

What is the Creative Commons (CC) and its significance outside of software?

A

Creative Commons provides legal tools to enable the sharing and reuse of creative and knowledge works. CC licenses help authors retain copyright while allowing others to use and modify their work under specified conditions.

29
Q

Describe the business models that support the sustainability of free and open source software (FLOSS).

A

Business models include crowdfunding, dual licensing, professional services, software as a Service (SaaS), and customer-specific extensions. These models help monetize free software, supporting the ongoing development and distribution of FLOSS.

30
Q

What license would be best if you want to ensure future versions also remain free?

A

GPL Version 3

31
Q

Name the permissive vs copyleft of the following:
1. Simplified BSD License
2. GPL Version 3
3. CC BY
4. CC BY-SA

A
  1. Permission
  2. Copyleft
  3. Permissive
  4. Copyleft
32
Q

Name the licenses for these applications:

Apache
Mysql
Wikipedia
Firefox
GIMP

A
  1. Apache License 2.0
  2. GPL 2
  3. CC-BY-SA
  4. Mozilla Public License 2.0
  5. GPL 3
33
Q

Name the two most popular Desktop Environments

A

Gnome and KDE

34
Q

What is a graphical terminal emulator

A

They emulate a terminal in a graphical environment instead of having the terminal be the entire client itself

35
Q

Name some popular linux hypervisors

A

Xen, KVM, VirtualBox

36
Q

What is GnuPG

A

GNU Privacy Guard used for securing emails. Can sign, encrypt and decrypt texts, emails, files, directories and entire disk partitions

37
Q

What is OpenStack

A

A project that allows the creation of private IaaS (infra as a service)

38
Q

Name two disk encryption options

A

EncFS and dm-crypt

39
Q

What is Beamer?

A

A LaTeX based Presentation tool

Linux 010-160 Prep (5 decks)

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