Lesson 1

Question 1

It is the progressive series of changes that occur as a result of maturation and experience. It implies qualitative changes.

Answer 1

Development

Question 2

It means a continuous and additive process and implies quantitative
changes

Answer 2

Growth

Question 3

It refers to the process of change of an individual which occurs primarily as a function of aging or
time. It includes effects of practice and
experience.

Answer 3

Maturation

Question 4

It focuses on the physical make-up of the human body and emphasizes the brain, nervous system, muscles, sensory capabilities as well as our basic needs (food, drink, sleep).

Answer 4

Physical Development

Question 5

It emphasizes
intellectual abilities, including learning, memory, problem-solving and intelligence.

Answer 5

Cognitive Development

Question 6

It emphasizes the characteristics that differentiate one person from another as well as interactions with one another and how social relationships change over the lifetime.

Answer 6

Personality & Social Development

Question 7

Starts at conceptions, continues through implantation in the uterine wall by the embryo, and ends at birth

Answer 7

Prenatal

Question 8

Starts at birth and continues to two years of age

Answer 8

Infancy & Toddlerhood

Question 9

Starts at tw o years of age and continues until six years of age

Answer 9

Early childhood

Question 10

Starts a t six years of age and continues until the onset of puberty

Answer 10

Middle & Late Childhood

Question 11

Starts at the onset of puberty until 18

Answer 11

Adolescence

Question 12

Late Teens or early twenties through the thirties

Answer 12

Early adulthood

Question 13

A pproximately 40-60

Answer 13

Middle Adulthood

Question 14

60 or 70’s until death

Answer 14

Late adulthood

Question 15

The focus is on the mouth, with activities like sucking and biting. Fixations can lead to oral behaviors in adulthood.

Answer 15

Oral Stage

Question 16

2 fixations in oral stage

Answer 16

Oral Receptive- overgratification
Oral Deceptive

Question 17

Involves pleasure in the anal area, related to toilet training. Fixations can result in anal-retentive or anal-expulsive traits.

Answer 17

Anal stage

Question 18

Centers on the genitals, with children exploring their bodies. Fixations can lead to Oedipus and Electra complexes.

Answer 18

Phallic stage

Question 19

No specific erogenous zone, as sexual energy is suppressed. Focus shifts to social and intellectual development.

Answer 19

Latency stage

Question 20

Libido reawakens in the genitals, leading to mature sexual relationships. Successful resolution results in a well-balanced individual

Answer 20

Genital stage

Question 21

Situation by destroying or losing objects and it shows sadistive drive

Answer 21

Early Anal Period

Question 22

Friendly interest towards feces, defeceting gives pleasure and they treat it as a valued prize.

Answer 22

Late Anal Period

Question 23

A fixation or personality resulted by lenient toilet training where the manifestations can be destructive or messy.

Answer 23

Anal Expulsive

Question 24

A fixation or personality resulted by strict toilet training where the manifestations are perfection, cleanliness and control.

Answer 24

Anal Retentive

Question 25

Suggests that children move through four different stages of mental development. Theory focuses on how children acquire knowledge & understand the nature of intelligence.

Answer 25

Cognitive Theory of Development

Question 26

Infants learn through sensory experiences and basic actions like sucking and grasping. They develop object permanence, understanding that objects exist even when not seen.

Answer 26

Sensorimotor stage

Question 27

Children develop symbolic thought, language, and engage in pretend play. They start understanding concepts beyond the physical.

Answer 27

Preoperational Stage

Question 28

Kids grasp logical, concrete rules about objects like weight and volume. They learn that properties remain constant despite changes in appearance.

Answer 28

Concrete Operational Stage

Question 29

Adolescents and adults think abstractly, reason about complex issues, use deductive logic, and understand abstract ideas

Answer 29

Formal Operational Stage

Question 30

Children tend to focus on themselves, struggling to see things from others' perspectives. They assume others perceive the world as they do but gradually develop the ability to understand different viewpoints as they grow

Answer 30

Egocentrism

Question 31

This refers to the tendency to focus on one aspect of a situation while neglecting others. Children may struggle with tasks requiring consideration of multiple variables simultaneously, focusing on one aspect at a time.

Answer 31

Centration

Question 32

Children play alongside others but not with them, absorbed in their own world. They are playing independently but in the presence of others.

Answer 32

Parallel play

Question 33

Children start realizing that words and objects can symbolize something else.

Answer 33

symbolic representation

Question 34

Children in this stage may believe that everything has been created by a sentient being like God or humans. They attribute qualities and movements to external beings rather than understanding natural phenomena.

Answer 34

Artificialism

Question 35

Children struggle with understanding that a sequence of events can be reversed to its starting point.

Answer 35

Irreversability

Question 36

Learning that things continue to exist even when they cannot be seen

Answer 36

Object permanence

Question 37

A theory that involves crisis and conflicts that shapes personality growth.

Answer 37

Psychosocial development

Question 38

In this stage, infants develop trust in their caregivers, forming the foundation for future relationships. The main question is “Can I trust the world?” Activity- Feeding Outcome- Hope

Answer 38

Trust vs. Mistrust

Question 39

Toddlers strive for independence and control over their actions. The main question is Is it okay to be me? Activity- Toilet training, self expression Outcome- Will

Answer 39

Autonomy vs. Shame & Doubt

Question 40

Children explore their environment. The main question is “It is okay for me to do, move, and act?” Activity- Exploration Outcome- Purpose

Answer 40

Initiative vs. Guilt

Question 41

School-age children focus on mastering skills and tasks, leading to feelings of competence or — Activity- school Outcome- Confidence

Answer 41

Industry vs. Inferiority

Question 42

Adolescents seek to establish a sense of self and personal identity while navigating social roles and expectations. Activity- Social relationships Outcome- Fidelity

Answer 42

Identity vs. Role confusion

Question 43

Young adults form intimate relationships and commitments, balancing closeness with independence. Activity- Relationships Outcome- Love

Answer 43

Intimacy vs. Isolation

Question 44

Middle-aged individuals focus on contributing to society and future generations. Activities- Work & parenthood Outcome- Care

Answer 44

Generativity vs. Stagnation

Question 45

Older adults reflect on their lives, accepting past experiences. Activity- Reflection in life Outcome- Wisdom

Answer 45

Integrity vs. Despair

Question 46

According to —————. ————, just as a child may receive certain physical characteristics passed on from a previous generation, so to the child inherits certain behavioral traits to survive

Answer 46

Ethological Theory

Question 47

This theory holds that we encounter different environments throughout our lifespan that may influence our behavior in varying degrees.

Answer 47

Ecological Theory

Question 48

a scientific approach which aims to explain growth, change and consistency through the lifespan.

Answer 48

Developmental Psychology

Question 49

Suggested that personality is mostly established by the age of 5. Early experiences plays a large role in behavior and development.

Answer 49

Psychoanalytic theory

Question 50

It is a developmental timing when a child is particularly responsive to certain experiences.

Answer 50

Sensitive period

Question 51

Consist of parents, siblings, teachers and school peers

Answer 51

Microsystem

Question 52

interactions between the child's parents and teachers, or between school peers and siblings.

Answer 52

Mesosystem

Question 53

environments in which the child is not involved, and are external to their experience, but nonetheless affects them anyway. (neighborhood, parent's workplaces, parent's friends)

Answer 53

Exosystem

Question 54

focuses on how cultural elements affect a child's development, such as socioeconomic status, wealth, poverty, and ethnicity.

Answer 54

Macrosystem

Question 55

consists of all of the environmental changes that occur over the lifetime which influence development, including major life transitions, and historical events

Answer 55

Chronosystem