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Enviromental Geology > Lesson 1 > Flashcards

Lesson 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Most accepted theory of the origin of the Universe

A

Big Bang Theory

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2
Q

T or F: Stars are permanent objects.

A

F

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3
Q

What are the two types of floods

A

Flash Floods and Sheet Floods

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4
Q

The twin planet of the Earth

A

Venus

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5
Q

Radius of the Earth

A

6371 Km

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6
Q

“_____ is the ability to sustain
its population at a basic, healthy, moderately comfortable standard
of living.”

A

Carrying Capacity

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7
Q

_____ is a result of unsustainable practices and use of non-renewable resources

A

Environmental Degredation

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8
Q

Discontinuity between upper and lower core

A

Lehmann Discontinuity

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9
Q

Life began at approximately _____ BYA, on ____ eon

A

2.5 , Archean Eon.

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10
Q

______ involves taking steps to reduce a specific risk

A

Risk Management

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11
Q

Type of growth rate where increments keep increasing over successive time.

A

Exponential

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12
Q

T or F: Aphelion Distance = 147.1 km

A

F

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13
Q

_______ is a society that lives whithin Earth’s Capacity to provide resources that would remain available for the future generations

A

Sustainable society

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14
Q

Age of Earth

A

4.6 B years

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15
Q

_____ are found in Stromatolites and is believed to be the oldest form of life

A

Cyanobacteria

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16
Q

What are the factors that led to Earth’s diverse biosphere

A

Distance from the sun and Ability to retain its atmosphere

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17
Q

Explain the concept of sustainability in relation to environmental geology

A

In Environmental Geology, sustainability involves responsibly managing Earth’s resources and landscapes to ensure they can support both current and future generations without causing harm to the environment or depleting essential natural resources.

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18
Q

Explain how the newly formed earth differed from the earth we know today

A

The newly formed Earth was a hot, molten ball of rock with no atmosphere, oceans, or life, while the Earth we know today has cooled down, developed a diverse range of environments, and supports a variety of life forms.

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19
Q

What is the difference between population growth and doubling time?

A

The growth rate is the increase in a population over time, while the doubling time is the amount of time it takes for a population to double in size

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20
Q

Differentiate Hypothesis from Theory.

A

A hypothesis is an untested guess, while a theory is a well-supported explanation based on evidence and testing. Think of a hypothesis as a starting point, and a theory as a confirmed destination.

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21
Q

In the conext of Environmental Problems, why are some geohazards are easily recognized and some are not?

A

Geohazards like earthquakes and floods happen suddenly such that the effects are easily recognized. Meanwhile geohazards such as pollution occur gradually over time such that effects are delayed, and corrective measures are delayed as well.

22
Q

Explain why Earth has differentiated into several major compositional zones

A

Earth has differentiated into major compositional zones due to the process of planetary accretion, where heavier materials sank toward the center under gravitational forces, leading to the formation of distinct layers such as the core, mantle, and crust based on their varying densities.

23
Q

What elements make up the Earth’s core and mantle? How do they differ from the crust?

A

The Earth’s core is primarily composed of iron and nickel, while the mantle consists mainly of silicate minerals rich in iron, magnesium, and other elements. In contrast, the Earth’s crust is predominantly composed of lighter elements such as oxygen, silicon, aluminum, and various other minerals.

24
Q

Discuss the potential role of icy comets in contributing to Earth’s water.

A

Icy comets might have played a crucial role in contributing to Earth’s water content, as they contain water ice, along with other volatile compounds. During the early stages of the solar system, cometary impacts could have delivered substantial amounts of water to Earth, contributing to the formation of oceans and other water sources on our planet.

25
Q

Cons of building a city in relation to environmental geology

A

Removal of forest grasslands, reduced ability to absorb water, severe floods, decreased qual and quantity of water supply

26
Q

Give an example of a tragedy of commons

A

Overfishing in shared or open-access fisheries is a classic example of a tragedy of the commons. When fishermen act in their individual self-interest by catching as many fish as possible, it can lead to the depletion of the fishery, negatively impacting the resource shared by all and jeopardizing long-term sustainability.

27
Q

Describe the earth as a system

A

Composed of 4 major subsystems that interact with each other in a highly complex and integrated manner.

28
Q

What is an Ecological footprint

A

amount of biologically productive land/sea area needed to support life

29
Q

Explain why Developed countries have much larger Ecological Footprint than the global average.

A

Developed countries have larger Ecological Footprints due to higher consumption levels, resource-intensive lifestyles, and historical carbon emissions.

30
Q

Give an example of a key to sustainability.

A

It is not just about the Earth’s total population, but also humanity’s per capita consumption rates

31
Q

Give an example of an Incremental geologic process

A

uplift, erosion

32
Q

Enumerate the Scientific Inquiry

A

Observation, Hypothesis, Experiment, Analysis, Conclusion (OHEAC)

33
Q

Differentiate Sheet floods and Flash floods.

A

Sheet - High discharge/ duration , Flash - Low Discharge/ Duration

34
Q

Enumerate the 4 natural resources

A

Water, Soil, Mineral/Rock Resources, Energy Resources

35
Q

Formula of Risk

A

(probability of an event) x (expected consequences)

36
Q

Enumerate the Period of the Mesozoic Era

A

Triassic, Jurrasic, Cretaceous

37
Q

What extinction event was the extinction of non-avian dinosaurs, what period was it, and how many million years ago?

A

K-Pg Extinction, Cretaceous Period, 65MYA

38
Q

What Era, Period, and Epoch modern humans evolve?

A

Cenozoic era, Quaternary period, Pliestocene Epoch

39
Q

Enumerate 4 earth systems

A

Biosphere, Hydrosphere, Atmosphere, Solid Earth

40
Q

Consequences of resource depletion would likely vary among nations due to differences in (Enumerate the three factors)

A

Population growth rates, level of economic development, resource consumed.)

41
Q

What are the top three most population dense region?

A

Asia,Africa, Latin America

42
Q

Enumerate all the Epochs of the Cenozoic Era

A

PEOMPPH

43
Q

Formula of Doubling TIme

A

D = 70/G

44
Q

Enumerate predominant elements that the Big Bang would produce

A

Hydrogen and Helium

45
Q

Enumerate the Layers of the earth and its discontinuities

A

upper crust, conrad, lower crust, moho, upper mantle, repetti, lower mantle, Guttenberg, upper core, Lehmann, inner core

46
Q

Three Branches of Geology

A

Physical, Historical, Environmental

47
Q

Enumerate atleast 3 major mass extinction event

A

K-Pg, P-T, Ordovician-Silurian, Triassic-Jurassic, Devonian

48
Q

Enumerate atleast 3 Geohazards

A
49
Q

Give and example of a sporadic geologic process

A

floods, volcanic eruption

50
Q

Give an example of a method used to reduce the probability of flooding.

A

construction of dams and levees

Enviromental Geology (6 decks)

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