Lesson 1

Question 1

Absence of pathogenic micro-organisms

Answer 1

Asepsis

Question 2

Technique which keeps client free from pathogens

Answer 2

Aseptic technique

Question 3

Name 3 medical asepsistechnique

Answer 3

1.hand hygiene
2. Using clean gloves (bodily fluids (blood ) 3. Cleaning environment

Question 4

The process by which infections spread

Answer 4

Chain of infection

Question 5

The presence of pathogen means that the infection will begin. True or false.

Answer 5

False

Question 6

Why presence of pathogen does not mean infection will begin?

Answer 6

It depends on various elements eg:-reservoir, infectious agent etc

Question 7

How many elements make the chain of infection

Answer 7

6

Question 8

Name the 6 elements of chain of infection

Answer 8

1. Infectious agent
   2 reservoir
   3.portal of exit
   4.mode of transmission
   5.portal of entry
2. Susceptible host

Question 9

What are the infectious agents

Answer 9

= microorganisms
Bacteria virus, fungi, protozoa

Question 10

What are the 2 kinds of flora?

Answer 10

1. Normal /resident flora
2. Transient Flora

Question 11

Non-pathogenic flora is

Answer 11

Normal/ resident flora eg: - normal floraof bm

Question 12

Flora which attaches to skin from contact

Answer 12

Transient Flora

Question 13

What one the factors for mo to cause diseases

Answer 13

1. Number of orgs
   2 virulence/ability to produce disease
2. Ability to enter and survive in host
3. Susceptibility of host

Question 14

Place where pathogens com survive and multiply

Answer 14

Reservoir

Question 15

Pathogens survival factors

Answer 15

1. Adequate temp - 35°C
   2.O2- aerobic and anaerobic
2. Water and pH
3. Warm, dark & moist

Question 16

Name the various portal of exit.

Answer 16

Body fluids, breaks in skin, mucous membranes

Question 17

Name various modes of transmission

Answer 17

1. Contact
2. Droplet
3. Air
4. Vehicles (fomite)- contaminated food
5. Vector

Question 18

Measles is airborne transmission

Answer 18

True

Question 19

Organisms can enter the body through same route they used for exiting

Answer 19

True

Question 20

Name the defenses against infection.

Answer 20

1. Normal flora
2. Body system defenses
3. Inflammation
4. Immune responses

Question 21

5 moments of hand hygiene

Answer 21

1 before touching patient
2. Before clean/ aseptic procedure
3. After body fluid exposure
4- after touching pt
5. After touching pt surroundings

Question 22

Name the 2 noscomia infection (hai)

Answer 22

Exogenous, endogenous

Question 23

How many organisms are resistant to antibiotics/ ARO

Answer 23

4

Question 24

Name the ARO

Answer 24

1. MRSA
2. CPO
3. VRE
4. ESBL

Question 25

MRSA

Answer 25

Methicillin- resistant staphylococcus aureus

Question 26

Esbl

Answer 26

Extended spectrum beta lactamase

Question 27

VRE

Answer 27

Vancomycin resistant enterococci

Question 28

CPO

Answer 28

Carbapenemase- producing organisms

Question 29

What are the 2 main infections

Answer 29

MRSA and CPO

Question 30

MRSA is spread through air & indirect contact?

Answer 30

False- direct contact

Question 31

CPO is resistant to which antibiotic?

Answer 31

Carbapenem antibiotic

Question 32

Bacteria that ilive in the human intestine, ut?

Answer 32

Enterococci

Question 33

VRE is spread through direct & indirect contact

Answer 33

True

Question 34

Which antibiotic is prescribed for infections caused by organisms resistant to penicillin?

Answer 34

Vancomycin

Question 35

Name the normal defense mechanisms against infection

Answer 35

1. Skin
2. Mouth
3. Eye
4. RT
   5.UT
   6.GT
   7.Vag

Question 36

Health care associated infection is also known as

Answer 36

Nosocomial infection or iatrogenic infection
Eg: CDI (clostridium difficult infection)

Question 37

Name the 3 nursing process in infection control

Answer 37

1. Assessment
2. Planning
   3.intervention
3. Evaluation