LESSON 1 Flashcards
- study of factors that determine the occurence and distribution of disease in a population
APPLICATION: study to prevent and control health problems.
CONCERN: positive health states and to improve health.
SCOPE: population defined in geographical; population from a specific areas or country at specific time
ex: specific group - basic science of public health
epidemiology
deals with the data from groups of px or popl’n
epidemiologist
The science of collecting, analyzing, presenting and interpreting data.
Regarded in two ways:
Statistics as a method
Statistics as a data
biostatistics
statistics is regarded in 2 ways:
statistics as method
statistics as data
- orderly process of data collection, presentation, and interpretation
concerned with:
- types of data
- collected
- organization
- tabulation
- computation of rates
- mathematical procedures
- drawing of conclusion
statistics as method
- quantitative data affected to a market extent by multiplicity of causes
- data are collected in order to measure something
e.g: no. of death, birth, death w/ specific disease
statistics as data
2 branches of statistics
descriptive and inferential
- methods involved to make a generalization and conclusion
- Ex: estimation of parameter, hypothesis of the study
inferential statistics
- summarizes and present data
- answers questions like what, where, when
descriptive statistics
2 categories (uses of statistics)
- problem of estimates
- problem of comparison
Recognition and quantification of health problems at present and in the future.
Current and projected health manpower.
estimate of services needed to eliminate or reduced problem
Corresponding requirements of man, money and materials
PROBLEM OF ESTIMATES:
diagnosing the health situation
In supervising the implementation of programs and in evaluation.
- PROBLEMS OF COMPARISON:
(fixed) phenomenon whose value remains the same from person to person, from time to time or from place to place.
Ex: number of minutes in an hour
CONSTANT
(varied)- phenomenon whose values or categories cannot be predicted with certainty.
VARIATION
Are things you measure, manipulate and control in statistics and research
VARIABLES:
TYPES OF VARIABLES:
QUALITATIVE VARIABLES
QUANTITATIVE VARIABLES-
one whose categories are simply used as labels to distinguish one group to another.
QUALITATIVE VARIABLES-
measured and ordered according to quantity
QUANTITATIVE VARIABLES-
it can be assume only integral values or whole numbers
discrete-
it can attain any value including fraction or decimal
continuous
SCALE OF MEASUREMENTS
- nominal
- ordinal
- interval
-ratio
label or categories ex: gender
NOMINAL-
ranked or ordered ex: mild, moderate, severe
ORDINAL
exact distance between two categories can be determined but the zero point is arbitrary ex: temperature
INTERVAL-
zero point is fixed ex: weight, height
RATIO-
TYPE OF DATA TO BE COLLECTED:
PRIMARY DATA
SECONDARY DATA
personally collected data
PRIMARY DATA-
borrowed data
SECONDARY DATA-
AGENCIES CHARGED WITH COLLECTION OF HEALTH DATA:
LOCAL GOVERNMENT
CENSUS/ STATISTIC OFFICE ( PSA
HEALTH DEPARTMENTS
Civil registry, local office or local chief of police
LOCAL GOVERNMENT
)- conduct periodic population census/ survey.
CENSUS/ STATISTIC OFFICE ( PSA)-
collect statistics on birth, death, sickness, disability, health services, health facilities and health manpower for its use in planning, implementation and evaluation of health programs ad projects.
HEALTH DEPARTMENTS
