Lesson 1 Flashcards
1
Q
Inflammation of the vein
A
Thrombophlebitis
2
Q
Increase in the lack of uniformity of the cells in SIZE.
A
Anisocytosis
3
Q
Increase in the variation of cells in
SHAPE.
A
Poikilocytosis
4
Q
abnormal production in bone
marrow contents
A
Dysmyelopoiesis
5
Q
Decrease in the white blood cells
A
Leukocytopenia
6
Q
Decrease in monocytes
A
Monocytopenia
7
Q
Affinity to increase in white blood cells
A
Leukocytophilia
8
Q
Abnormal increase in bone marrow
A
Panmyelosis
9
Q
Products of digestion to tisuues where they will be ___ or ____
A
Metabolized or assimilated
10
Q
Waste products of ——— to the excretory organs
A
Catabolism
11
Q
Gasws to facilitate gas exchange
A
O2 and CO2
12
Q
Transport products absorb in the
A
Intestine and GIT
13
Q
Respiratory Function.:
Transport of gasses, mainly ——, from ____ to the tissues to the_____
A
Oxygen; lungs: cells
14
Q
Respiratory function allows _____ because oxygen is vital for cellular survival
A
Cellular respiration
15
Q
Transport is from the lungs where partial pressure of oxygen is ?
A
High
16
Q
______ are rich in oxygen having a partial pressure of oxygen equivalent to___?
A
Pulmonary capillaries; 100mmHg
17
Q
High partial pressure of oxygen indicates?
A
High affinity of hemoglobin to oxygen
18
Q
____ has low oxygen level having a partial pressure of____
A
Tissue; 20mmHg
19
Q
CO2 will be releases via
A
Exhalation
20
Q
Is a hormone that is important in regulating red cell production
A
Erythropoietin
21
Q
Is byproduct of bone marrow
A
Hematopoiesis
22
Q
Is regulated by growth hormone called erythropoietin
A
Erythropoiesis
23
Q
Area of production of erythropoietin
A
Kidney
24
Q
Site of action of erythropoietin
A
Bone Marrow
25
Erythropoietin reaches its site of destination by ______ in the_____
Blood circulation; bone marrow
26
Waste products of metabolism in the blood like
Urea, creatinine, excessive salts
27
Other waste products like ______ and ______ are brought in the lungs and eliminated via______
Carbon dioxide and carbon monoxide; exhalation
28
Blood assists in the preservation of an almost ______ in the tissues
Neutral reaction
29
Helps maintain ______ balance and ______ distribution
Normal water balance; fluid distribution
30
It also regulates ionic balance like
Sodium, chlorine, potassium, Hydrogen
31
Is a buffering system together with _____ and _____
HgB; enzymes and protein
32
The most important buffer that maintains pH is?
HCO3:H2CO3 (Bicarbonate-carbonic acid buffering system)
33
Ratio of HCO3:H2CO3
20:1
34
To maintain the bicarbonate, it needs to be conserve in a form of?
Sodium Bicarbonate (Na2HCO3)
35
Helps in eliminating and retention of alkali and acid
Renal circulation
36
Blood helps regulate (3 balances)
Ionic balance,Acid balance, Water balance
37
Minimizes variations in local temperature
Circulation of blood
38
During high temperature, ______ is compensatory action to eliminate excessive heat in the body
Sweating
39
During low temperature, constriction through ______ increases body temperature
Shivering
40
Blood contains _____ that help breakdown food, use for healing of the skin, muscles, and joints
Proteolytic enzyme
41
It is a process wherein a cell binds to the item it wants to engulf on the cell surface and draws the item inward while engulfing around it.
Phagocytosis
42
It is also used for immunity to destroy foreign substances in blood
Phagocytosis
43
Color: normally ____ as imparted by ____
Red; hemoglobin
44
Viscosity: ____ more viscus than water
3-5x
45
Circulates in what state?
Loquid state
46
Coagulates between _____ after removal from the body
5-10 minutes
47
pH level of blood?
7.35-7.45
48
Normal pH is maintain by buffers in the body primarily the ?
Sodium bicarbonate
49
pH compatible for survival
6.8-7.8
50
Very acidic
Gastric juices
51
Very alkaline
Pancreatic Juice
52
SP Gravity (whole blood) :
1.048-1.066
53
Sp gravity Serum:
1.026-1.031
54
Sp gravity RBC:
1.092-1.095
55
Volume of blood?
5-6L (7-8%) of total body wieght
56
Males volume of blood
76 ml/kg of body wt
57
Females volume of blood
68 mL/kg of body wt
58
Bright red or scarlet red
For arterial circulation
Oxyhemoglobin
59
Dark Red
For venous circulation
Reduced HgB containing oxygen and CO2
Deoxyhemoglobin
60
Green
Formed by an irreversible oxidation of HgB by drugs or exposure to sulfur chemical in industrial or environmental setting, it is formed by the addition of a sulfur atom to the pyrrole ring of heme and has a greenish pigment
Sulhemoglobin
61
Cherry red
Combination of CO and heme iron
CO poisoning
Carboxyhemoglobin
62
Chocolate brown
Formed by reversible oxidation of heme iron to the ferric state (fe3)
Methemoglobin
63
Both _____ and _____ are normal type of hemoglobin
Oxyhemoglobin and deoxyhemoglobin
64
Pale or light red because it is a mixture of arterial and venous blood with some tissue
Capillary blood
65
Is the natural anticoagulant which maintains the blood in the liquid state (in vivo)
Heparin
66
Plasma is ___ %of the total blood volume
55%
67
What percent by weight is water in plasma?
91-92%
68
What percent of plasma protein is in plasma
6-7%
69
How many percent is vitamins and carbohydrates is in plasma?
2%
70
A plasma protein that is used to maintain osmotic pressure? And what percent is this?
Albumin; 4%
71
Functions in transport of substances that includes bilirubin (transport in the liver for conjugation)
Albumin
72
Helps keep fluid in the bloodstream so it doesnt leak to other tissues, also carries hormones, vitamins and enzyme
Albumin
73
Has the ability to serve in osmotic and oncotic as well as colloidal pressure
Albumin
74
Most important in maintaining oncotic pressure
Albumin
75
A pressure directed against the capillary wall pushing the fluid in the capillary wall
Oncotic pressure
76
Is the force created by the circulating fluid in the circulation which is responsible in pushing fluid away of the circulation.
Hydrostatic pressure
77
Strong hydrostatic pressure will lead to extravasation but it is counter acted by plasma protein specifically albumin by creating ____ and ___
Osmotic and oncotic pressure
78
A plasma protein that is needed for liver function, blood clotting, and infection, what percent of this is in the plasma?
Globulin; 2.7%
79
Alpha globulins? (Enumerate)
Alpha 1 globulin ( alpha 1 anti-tripsin)
Alpha 1 globulin (alpha 2 macroglobulins)
Alpha fetoprotein
80
Function in the transport of enzymes, lipids, and others
Alpha globulin
81
Is a beta globulin responsible in the transport of iron
Transferrin
82
Production of antibodies such as immunoglobulin
Gamma globulin
83
This plasma protein helps for blood clot for normal blood clotting, what percent of this is in the plasma?
Fibrinogen; 0.3%
84
Precursor of fibrin, the one who converts fibrin clot to prevent hemorrhage
Fibrinogen
85
Represents small portion of plasma protein
Fibrinogen
86
Very important role in clot formation because of its ability to convert into fibrin clot
Fibrinogen
87
Fibrinogen will be converted by _____ which came from ______
Thrombin; prothrombin (Factor II)
88
Liquid portion of an unclotted blood
Plasma
89
Remains fibroblast growth factor intact
Plasma
90
Contains less platelet derivatives
Plasma
91
Slightly turbud or hazy due to the added chemical anticoagulants
Plasma
92
Liquid portion of a clotted blood
Serim
93
Contains no fibrinogen factors
Serum
94
Contains more platelet derivatives
Serum
95
Appears clearer yet darker in color because of the non-addition of chemical anticoagulants
Serum
96
Fibrinogen group factors
Factor I, IV, VIII, XIII (1,4,8,13)
97
Solid portion?
45% of total blood volume
98
RBC components
Erythrocytes, erythroplastids, normocytes
99
Function mainly for transport
RBC
100
Allow transport of oxygen from lungs to different organs, and tissues to allow cellular respiration
RBC
101
Most abundant to least abundant WBC (enumerate)
Neutrophil
Lymphocytes
Monocytes
Eosinophil
Basophil
102
Function in body’s defense
WBC
103
Defense mechanism of WBC
Phagocytosis
104
More active phagocytes
Neutrophil and monocytes
105
Most active phagocyte and first to reach the area of infection
Neutrophil
106
Responsible for producing regulatory cytokines like interleukins
T- Cell lymphocytes
107
Are responsible for antibody production (IgA, IgE)
B- cell lymphocyte
108
Will be transformed into plasma cells which is the major producer of antibody
B-lymphocytes
109
Also known as thrombocyte
Platelets
110
Cells that are primarily involve in clot formation
Platelets
111
To maintain hemostasis (stoppage of bleeding), by forming plug that will cover the injured blood vessel
Platelets
112
Cells for clotting
Thrombocytes
113
Blood vessels reacts by
Vasoconstriction
114
After platelets will react by adhering in the injured site forming a ?
Platelet plug
115
To stabilize the platelet plug, ___ is needed
Fibrin or fibrinogen factor 1
116
Small refractive colorless particles in the blood that are probably granules from blood cells or minute fat globules and it has no clinical significance
Hemoconia (blood dust)
117
Filled with hemoglobin which transports oxygen into the lungs and to the different organs and carbon dioxide
RBC
118
Cell types dedicated to protect their host from infection and injury.
-has 5 population (neutrophils, leukocytes, monocytes, eosinophils, basophils)
WBC
119
Also known as thrombocytes, which maintain blood vessel integrity by initiating vessel wall repairs.
-clot formation or hemostasis
-to form platelet plug to prevent bleeding
Paltelet
120
Portion where exchange between O2 and CO2 for normal respiration occurs.
Gaseous portion
121
Hemocyte includes what formed elements?
<1% platelets, <1% leukocytes, and >99% erythrocytes
