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Hema > Lesson 1 > Flashcards

Lesson 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Inflammation of the vein

A

Thrombophlebitis

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2
Q

Increase in the lack of uniformity of the cells in SIZE.

A

Anisocytosis

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3
Q

Increase in the variation of cells in
SHAPE.

A

Poikilocytosis

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4
Q

abnormal production in bone
marrow contents

A

Dysmyelopoiesis

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5
Q

Decrease in the white blood cells

A

Leukocytopenia

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6
Q

Decrease in monocytes

A

Monocytopenia

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7
Q

Affinity to increase in white blood cells

A

Leukocytophilia

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8
Q

Abnormal increase in bone marrow

A

Panmyelosis

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9
Q

Products of digestion to tisuues where they will be ___ or ____

A

Metabolized or assimilated

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10
Q

Waste products of ——— to the excretory organs

A

Catabolism

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11
Q

Gasws to facilitate gas exchange

A

O2 and CO2

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12
Q

Transport products absorb in the

A

Intestine and GIT

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13
Q

Respiratory Function.:
Transport of gasses, mainly ——, from ____ to the tissues to the_____

A

Oxygen; lungs: cells

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14
Q

Respiratory function allows _____ because oxygen is vital for cellular survival

A

Cellular respiration

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15
Q

Transport is from the lungs where partial pressure of oxygen is ?

A

High

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16
Q

______ are rich in oxygen having a partial pressure of oxygen equivalent to___?

A

Pulmonary capillaries; 100mmHg

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17
Q

High partial pressure of oxygen indicates?

A

High affinity of hemoglobin to oxygen

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18
Q

____ has low oxygen level having a partial pressure of____

A

Tissue; 20mmHg

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19
Q

CO2 will be releases via

A

Exhalation

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20
Q

Is a hormone that is important in regulating red cell production

A

Erythropoietin

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21
Q

Is byproduct of bone marrow

A

Hematopoiesis

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22
Q

Is regulated by growth hormone called erythropoietin

A

Erythropoiesis

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23
Q

Area of production of erythropoietin

A

Kidney

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24
Q

Site of action of erythropoietin

A

Bone Marrow

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25
Q

Erythropoietin reaches its site of destination by ______ in the_____

A

Blood circulation; bone marrow

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26
Q

Waste products of metabolism in the blood like

A

Urea, creatinine, excessive salts

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27
Q

Other waste products like ______ and ______ are brought in the lungs and eliminated via______

A

Carbon dioxide and carbon monoxide; exhalation

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28
Q

Blood assists in the preservation of an almost ______ in the tissues

A

Neutral reaction

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29
Q

Helps maintain ______ balance and ______ distribution

A

Normal water balance; fluid distribution

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30
Q

It also regulates ionic balance like

A

Sodium, chlorine, potassium, Hydrogen

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31
Q

Is a buffering system together with _____ and _____

A

HgB; enzymes and protein

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32
Q

The most important buffer that maintains pH is?

A

HCO3:H2CO3 (Bicarbonate-carbonic acid buffering system)

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33
Q

Ratio of HCO3:H2CO3

A

20:1

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34
Q

To maintain the bicarbonate, it needs to be conserve in a form of?

A

Sodium Bicarbonate (Na2HCO3)

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35
Q

Helps in eliminating and retention of alkali and acid

A

Renal circulation

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36
Q

Blood helps regulate (3 balances)

A

Ionic balance,Acid balance, Water balance

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37
Q

Minimizes variations in local temperature

A

Circulation of blood

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38
Q

During high temperature, ______ is compensatory action to eliminate excessive heat in the body

A

Sweating

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39
Q

During low temperature, constriction through ______ increases body temperature

A

Shivering

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40
Q

Blood contains _____ that help breakdown food, use for healing of the skin, muscles, and joints

A

Proteolytic enzyme

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41
Q

It is a process wherein a cell binds to the item it wants to engulf on the cell surface and draws the item inward while engulfing around it.

A

Phagocytosis

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42
Q

It is also used for immunity to destroy foreign substances in blood

A

Phagocytosis

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43
Q

Color: normally ____ as imparted by ____

A

Red; hemoglobin

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44
Q

Viscosity: ____ more viscus than water

A

3-5x

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45
Q

Circulates in what state?

A

Loquid state

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46
Q

Coagulates between _____ after removal from the body

A

5-10 minutes

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47
Q

pH level of blood?

A

7.35-7.45

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48
Q

Normal pH is maintain by buffers in the body primarily the ?

A

Sodium bicarbonate

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49
Q

pH compatible for survival

A

6.8-7.8

50
Q

Very acidic

A

Gastric juices

51
Q

Very alkaline

A

Pancreatic Juice

52
Q

SP Gravity (whole blood) :

A

1.048-1.066

53
Q

Sp gravity Serum:

A

1.026-1.031

54
Q

Sp gravity RBC:

A

1.092-1.095

55
Q

Volume of blood?

A

5-6L (7-8%) of total body wieght

56
Q

Males volume of blood

A

76 ml/kg of body wt

57
Q

Females volume of blood

A

68 mL/kg of body wt

58
Q

Bright red or scarlet red
For arterial circulation

A

Oxyhemoglobin

59
Q

Dark Red
For venous circulation
Reduced HgB containing oxygen and CO2

A

Deoxyhemoglobin

60
Q

Green
Formed by an irreversible oxidation of HgB by drugs or exposure to sulfur chemical in industrial or environmental setting, it is formed by the addition of a sulfur atom to the pyrrole ring of heme and has a greenish pigment

A

Sulhemoglobin

61
Q

Cherry red
Combination of CO and heme iron
CO poisoning

A

Carboxyhemoglobin

62
Q

Chocolate brown
Formed by reversible oxidation of heme iron to the ferric state (fe3)

A

Methemoglobin

63
Q

Both _____ and _____ are normal type of hemoglobin

A

Oxyhemoglobin and deoxyhemoglobin

64
Q

Pale or light red because it is a mixture of arterial and venous blood with some tissue

A

Capillary blood

65
Q

Is the natural anticoagulant which maintains the blood in the liquid state (in vivo)

A

Heparin

66
Q

Plasma is ___ %of the total blood volume

A

55%

67
Q

What percent by weight is water in plasma?

A

91-92%

68
Q

What percent of plasma protein is in plasma

A

6-7%

69
Q

How many percent is vitamins and carbohydrates is in plasma?

A

2%

70
Q

A plasma protein that is used to maintain osmotic pressure? And what percent is this?

A

Albumin; 4%

71
Q

Functions in transport of substances that includes bilirubin (transport in the liver for conjugation)

A

Albumin

72
Q

Helps keep fluid in the bloodstream so it doesnt leak to other tissues, also carries hormones, vitamins and enzyme

A

Albumin

73
Q

Has the ability to serve in osmotic and oncotic as well as colloidal pressure

A

Albumin

74
Q

Most important in maintaining oncotic pressure

A

Albumin

75
Q

A pressure directed against the capillary wall pushing the fluid in the capillary wall

A

Oncotic pressure

76
Q

Is the force created by the circulating fluid in the circulation which is responsible in pushing fluid away of the circulation.

A

Hydrostatic pressure

77
Q

Strong hydrostatic pressure will lead to extravasation but it is counter acted by plasma protein specifically albumin by creating ____ and ___

A

Osmotic and oncotic pressure

78
Q

A plasma protein that is needed for liver function, blood clotting, and infection, what percent of this is in the plasma?

A

Globulin; 2.7%

79
Q

Alpha globulins? (Enumerate)

A

Alpha 1 globulin ( alpha 1 anti-tripsin)
Alpha 1 globulin (alpha 2 macroglobulins)
Alpha fetoprotein

80
Q

Function in the transport of enzymes, lipids, and others

A

Alpha globulin

81
Q

Is a beta globulin responsible in the transport of iron

A

Transferrin

82
Q

Production of antibodies such as immunoglobulin

A

Gamma globulin

83
Q

This plasma protein helps for blood clot for normal blood clotting, what percent of this is in the plasma?

A

Fibrinogen; 0.3%

84
Q

Precursor of fibrin, the one who converts fibrin clot to prevent hemorrhage

A

Fibrinogen

85
Q

Represents small portion of plasma protein

A

Fibrinogen

86
Q

Very important role in clot formation because of its ability to convert into fibrin clot

A

Fibrinogen

87
Q

Fibrinogen will be converted by _____ which came from ______

A

Thrombin; prothrombin (Factor II)

88
Q

Liquid portion of an unclotted blood

A

Plasma

89
Q

Remains fibroblast growth factor intact

A

Plasma

90
Q

Contains less platelet derivatives

A

Plasma

91
Q

Slightly turbud or hazy due to the added chemical anticoagulants

A

Plasma

92
Q

Liquid portion of a clotted blood

A

Serim

93
Q

Contains no fibrinogen factors

A

Serum

94
Q

Contains more platelet derivatives

A

Serum

95
Q

Appears clearer yet darker in color because of the non-addition of chemical anticoagulants

A

Serum

96
Q

Fibrinogen group factors

A

Factor I, IV, VIII, XIII (1,4,8,13)

97
Q

Solid portion?

A

45% of total blood volume

98
Q

RBC components

A

Erythrocytes, erythroplastids, normocytes

99
Q

Function mainly for transport

A

RBC

100
Q

Allow transport of oxygen from lungs to different organs, and tissues to allow cellular respiration

A

RBC

101
Q

Most abundant to least abundant WBC (enumerate)

A

Neutrophil
Lymphocytes
Monocytes
Eosinophil
Basophil

102
Q

Function in body’s defense

A

WBC

103
Q

Defense mechanism of WBC

A

Phagocytosis

104
Q

More active phagocytes

A

Neutrophil and monocytes

105
Q

Most active phagocyte and first to reach the area of infection

A

Neutrophil

106
Q

Responsible for producing regulatory cytokines like interleukins

A

T- Cell lymphocytes

107
Q

Are responsible for antibody production (IgA, IgE)

A

B- cell lymphocyte

108
Q

Will be transformed into plasma cells which is the major producer of antibody

A

B-lymphocytes

109
Q

Also known as thrombocyte

A

Platelets

110
Q

Cells that are primarily involve in clot formation

A

Platelets

111
Q

To maintain hemostasis (stoppage of bleeding), by forming plug that will cover the injured blood vessel

A

Platelets

112
Q

Cells for clotting

A

Thrombocytes

113
Q

Blood vessels reacts by

A

Vasoconstriction

114
Q

After platelets will react by adhering in the injured site forming a ?

A

Platelet plug

115
Q

To stabilize the platelet plug, ___ is needed

A

Fibrin or fibrinogen factor 1

116
Q

Small refractive colorless particles in the blood that are probably granules from blood cells or minute fat globules and it has no clinical significance

A

Hemoconia (blood dust)

117
Q

Filled with hemoglobin which transports oxygen into the lungs and to the different organs and carbon dioxide

A

RBC

118
Q

Cell types dedicated to protect their host from infection and injury.
-has 5 population (neutrophils, leukocytes, monocytes, eosinophils, basophils)

A

WBC

119
Q

Also known as thrombocytes, which maintain blood vessel integrity by initiating vessel wall repairs.
-clot formation or hemostasis
-to form platelet plug to prevent bleeding

A

Paltelet

120
Q

Portion where exchange between O2 and CO2 for normal respiration occurs.

A

Gaseous portion

121
Q

Hemocyte includes what formed elements?

A

<1% platelets, <1% leukocytes, and >99% erythrocytes

Hema (2 decks)

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