Hematopoiesis Flashcards
1
Q
Chief site of mesoblastic phase
A
Yolk sac
2
Q
Primitive RBC is also known as
A
Megaloblast of erlich
3
Q
Primitive RBC (“megaloblast of Ehrlich)
first develop within the ______ followed by ______ and _______ and it is produced extracellularly
A
Blood island; leucopoiesis; megakaryopoiesis
4
Q
Are synthesized during mesoblastic phase
A
Embryonal hemoglobins
5
Q
Hepatic phase starts on what month of fetal life
A
3rd - 4th month
6
Q
Chief site of hepatic phase
A
Liver
7
Q
aside from the liver as
the chief site of blood production, _____ and ____ can also help in the production)
A
Spleen and thymus
8
Q
Hemoglobin that is synthesized during hepatic phase
A
Fetal hemoglobin
9
Q
Mesoblastic phase is active for how many weeks
A
8-12 weeks
10
Q
Hemoglobin that is produced during mesoblastic phase
A
Grower I, II, and portland
11
Q
This starts on the 5th month of fetal life
A
Myeloid Phase
12
Q
Chief site of myeloid phase
A
Bone marrow
13
Q
Peak of hepatic phase
A
3rd - 4th month
14
Q
Hepatic phase starts at
A
5th - 7th week
15
Q
Spleen and kidney produces?
A
B-cell
16
Q
Thymus produces?
A
T-cell
17
Q
Medullary phase starts at?
A
5th minth
18
Q
Chief site of medullary phase?
A
Red marrow
19
Q
Hemoglobin of medullary phase?
A
Adult HgB; A1 and A2 Major
20
Q
is a cell (like stem cell) that gives rise to blood cells and tissue cells of an embryo.
A
Hemohistioblast
21
Q
are responsible in producing T&B cells.
A
Lymph nodes
22
Q
On what week the bone marrow is already involve in blood production?
A
4th week
23
Q
After birth, the most dominant hemoglobin is still
A
HbF, fetal hemoglobij
24
Q
First 3 weeks postpartum, the bone marrow becomes the only normal site of blood cell production.
A
Medulaary ohase
25
is present in all fetal skeletal structures, until the age of 2-3 years.
Red marrow
26
rate of BM growth exceeds need for blood cells resulting to the replacement of active marrow space by areas of fatty reserves marrow space by areas of fatty reserves.
4th year
27
occurs normally and in certain disease states when the BM is unable to produce sufficient numbers of hematopoietic cells.
Extramedullary hematopoiesis
28
refers to the involvement of lymphoid organs—organs that produce lymphocytes like B cells / Bursa and T- cells or T-lymphocytes produced in Thymus.
Normal Extramedullary Hematopoiesis; NEJ
29
Secondary lymphoid organs
Spleen and lymph nodes
30
when activated is involved in the production of lymphocytes.
Spleen
31
is the replacement of red marrow by marrow fats that happens in the 4th year of life. I
Retrogression
32
contains more red than fats that is seen in leukemia
Hypercellulat bone marrow
33
↓red, ↑ fats
Hypocellular
34
States that blood cells from one stem cell which is totipotent, gives rise to any series of cell types.
Monophyletic theory
35
gives rise to all blood cells.
Hemocytoblast
36
States that there are 2-3 cell origins. There is a separate and distinct stem cell compartment.
Polyphyletic theory
37
Lymphoblast and myeloblast
Lymphocyte and monocyte
38
Which give rises to
monocytes.
Reticuloendothelial cells
39
believes that there is a separate stem cell for each cell series.
Complete theory
40
one single fixed multipotent stem cell that gives rise to tissue and to blood cells.
Hemohistoclast
41
All type of cell including the embryo
Tutipotent
42
Has the ability to reproduce and differentiate any blood cells
CFU
43
What will arise from CFU-GEMM and
CFU-L are the
Progenitor sp ells
44
are commited cells meaning it is already identified what cell they will become
Progenitor cells
45
Neutrophil and monocyte shares the same proginitor cell called
CFU-GM
46
is the proginitor commited to become Eosinophil
CFU-Eo
47
is the proginitor for Basophil
CFU-Baso
48
is the proginitor commited to become either Megakaryocte (CFU-Mega) or Erythrocyte (BFU- E first then CFU-E then erythrocyte)
CFU-MegE
49
are committed to become T-cell or Natural Killer cell
Pre-T/Nk cells
50
Cell line of CFU-GEMM
Myeloid cell line
51
CFU-L cell line
Lymphoid cell line
52
Committed but not recognizable
Progenitors
53
Committed and recognizable
Precursor
54
these are Pluripotent Hematopoietic Stem cell, CFU-GEMM and CFU-L. Since they are multipotent stem cell they are all uncommitted
Multipotent stem cell
55
will still mature to become macrophage in the tissue.
Monocyte
56
____is morphologically mature but functionally immature. It will mature to become___
B cell; plasma cell
57
Cell that will give rise to an entire cell linage
Progenitor
58
A cell that will give rise to a more mature cell in the cell line
Precursor
59
Less active unless exposed to antigen
B cell lympocyte
60
Functionally mature b cell that is active in antibody production
Plasma
61
Proteins that regulate the production of blood cells. These include ______ and _______.
Growth Factors; cytokines and hormones
62
Growth factors can be in the form of
Proteins or glycoproteins
63
They are regulatory factors that regulate the production and destruction of blood.
Growth factors
64
multipotent which means
it is capable of regulating the growth of more than one cell line together with GM-CSF (colony stimulating factor) which is not exclusive in granulocyte and monocyte. It can also affect the function of other mature cells.
Interleukin - 3
65
main growth factor for erythropoiesis and Thrombopoietin (TPO) for thrombopoiesis.
Erythropoietin
66
Erythropoietin and thrombopoietin are produced in the ____ and _____
Kidneys and liver
67
EPO is mainly produced in
Kidneys
68
TPO is mainlyproduced in
Liver
69
stem cell factor” or “steel factor”
- Stimulates myeloid, erythroid and
lymphoid progenitors.
Kit Ligand
70
primitive progenitor cells.
- Tyrosine like ligand because it acts on the receptor of tyrosine kinase
Fit-3 Ligand
71
are the one that receives signals from the outside and interpret the signals to promote the growth of progenitor cell
Tyrosine kinase
72
is a disease caused by a mutation in tyrosine kinase gene
Leukemia
73
Are both multipotent cells
IL3 and GM-CSF
74
Individual platelets
Proplatelets
75
Release of RBCs is promoted by
erythropoietin, hypoxia, cell’s stage of maturation (reticulocyte) and the pressure exerted by the intramarrow frowth of cells.
76
WBCs. Leave the bone marrow through?
Chemotaxis
77
while platelets are released to the circulation through
platelet shedding.
78
Cause the WBC to migrate
Cortisome
79
The rules of markers are very important
in
Immunophenotyping
80
Most immature cells
Blast cells
81
In megakaryopoiesis the cell does not divide but its nuclear component will replicate in the process called?
Endomitosis
82
progenitor production until mature RBCs in circulation takes how many days?
18-21 days
83
is also very important since its mode of action or its target cell is the main stem cell, without it stimulating the stem cell, the stem cell will not differentiate into progenitors.
Stem cell factor
84
Immature rbc is polished by?
Splenic macrophages
85
During the ejection of the nucleus, some nuclear fragments may be left inside the nucleus called the?
Howell-jolly bodies
86
Division: once or more than once
Rubriblast; pronormoblast
87
There is a dark staining of the nucleus because of
the heterochromatin or that is the
condenstation of the chromatin.
Basophilic Normoblast (Prorubricyte
88
Hemoglobin synthesis starts
Basophilic Normoblast (Prorubricyte
89
Has a so called “murky cytoplasm” caused by the
appearance of HgB.
Polychromatophilic Normoblast (Rubricyte)
90
Dawn of hemoglobinization
Polychromatophilic Normoblast (Rubricyte)
91
last to undergo division and last to undergo mitosis.
Polychromatophilic normoblast (rubricyte)
92
Last nucleated stage and is incapable of mitosis.
Orthochromic normoblast; metarubricyte
93
Nuclear dissolutions occurs at this stage?
Metarubricyte; orthochromic normoblast
94
Nuclear dissolution
Pyknosis
95
____ doesn’t have a central pale area whilst mature RBC has
Reticulocyte
96
First non nucleated stage
Reticulocyte
97
Also called “Polychromasia” meaning different
shades of color particularly bluish, greyish due to the mixture taken up by HgB and RNA inside the cell. Also called “Polychromasia” meaning different
shades of color particularly bluish, greyish due to the mixture taken up by HgB and RNA inside the cell.
Reticulocyte
98
Precipitates RNA
New methylene blue
99
wherein the cells are first stained while they are in their living state and fixing is not required in
Supravital staining
100
Diameter of erythrocytes
7 to 8 um (micra)
101
Thickness of erythrocyte
1.5-2.5 um
102
No granulws
Polychrome stining
103
All rbc stages present in BM and PC
Erythron
104
Refers to the circulating rbc only
Rbc mass
105
Ejected nucleus will be engulfed by macrophages in the spleen
Pyrenocyte
106
Found inside the RBC, a protein that makes the organelles and nucleus intact
Vimentin
107
How many division is needed for the over all making of erythrocyte
4-5 divisions
108
Helps regulate EPO production and also enhances it efffects on the erythroid progenitor cells
Prostaglandin
109
Most important growth factor
Stem cell factor
110
inhibit EPO production
Estrigen
111
enhances erythropoiesis. This is why Hgb and RBC are both higher in males than in females.
Testosterone
112
important in the
synthesis of DNA.
Folic acid and vitamin b12
113
important in HgB Synthes
Co, Mn, Zn, Vitamin C, E, B6, Thiamine, Riboflavin, Pantothenic acid
114
important in HgB Synthesis
Iron copper
115
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