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Hema > Hematopoiesis > Flashcards

Hematopoiesis Flashcards

1
Q

Chief site of mesoblastic phase

A

Yolk sac

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2
Q

Primitive RBC is also known as

A

Megaloblast of erlich

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3
Q

Primitive RBC (“megaloblast of Ehrlich)
first develop within the ______ followed by ______ and _______ and it is produced extracellularly

A

Blood island; leucopoiesis; megakaryopoiesis

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4
Q

Are synthesized during mesoblastic phase

A

Embryonal hemoglobins

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5
Q

Hepatic phase starts on what month of fetal life

A

3rd - 4th month

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6
Q

Chief site of hepatic phase

A

Liver

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7
Q

aside from the liver as
the chief site of blood production, _____ and ____ can also help in the production)

A

Spleen and thymus

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8
Q

Hemoglobin that is synthesized during hepatic phase

A

Fetal hemoglobin

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9
Q

Mesoblastic phase is active for how many weeks

A

8-12 weeks

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10
Q

Hemoglobin that is produced during mesoblastic phase

A

Grower I, II, and portland

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11
Q

This starts on the 5th month of fetal life

A

Myeloid Phase

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12
Q

Chief site of myeloid phase

A

Bone marrow

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13
Q

Peak of hepatic phase

A

3rd - 4th month

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14
Q

Hepatic phase starts at

A

5th - 7th week

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15
Q

Spleen and kidney produces?

A

B-cell

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16
Q

Thymus produces?

A

T-cell

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17
Q

Medullary phase starts at?

A

5th minth

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18
Q

Chief site of medullary phase?

A

Red marrow

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19
Q

Hemoglobin of medullary phase?

A

Adult HgB; A1 and A2 Major

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20
Q

is a cell (like stem cell) that gives rise to blood cells and tissue cells of an embryo.

A

Hemohistioblast

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21
Q

are responsible in producing T&B cells.

A

Lymph nodes

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22
Q

On what week the bone marrow is already involve in blood production?

A

4th week

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23
Q

After birth, the most dominant hemoglobin is still

A

HbF, fetal hemoglobij

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24
Q

First 3 weeks postpartum, the bone marrow becomes the only normal site of blood cell production.

A

Medulaary ohase

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25
Q

is present in all fetal skeletal structures, until the age of 2-3 years.

A

Red marrow

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26
Q

rate of BM growth exceeds need for blood cells resulting to the replacement of active marrow space by areas of fatty reserves marrow space by areas of fatty reserves.

A

4th year

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27
Q

occurs normally and in certain disease states when the BM is unable to produce sufficient numbers of hematopoietic cells.

A

Extramedullary hematopoiesis

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28
Q

refers to the involvement of lymphoid organs—organs that produce lymphocytes like B cells / Bursa and T- cells or T-lymphocytes produced in Thymus.

A

Normal Extramedullary Hematopoiesis; NEJ

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29
Q

Secondary lymphoid organs

A

Spleen and lymph nodes

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30
Q

when activated is involved in the production of lymphocytes.

A

Spleen

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31
Q

is the replacement of red marrow by marrow fats that happens in the 4th year of life. I

A

Retrogression

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32
Q

contains more red than fats that is seen in leukemia

A

Hypercellulat bone marrow

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33
Q

↓red, ↑ fats

A

Hypocellular

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34
Q

States that blood cells from one stem cell which is totipotent, gives rise to any series of cell types.

A

Monophyletic theory

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35
Q

gives rise to all blood cells.

A

Hemocytoblast

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36
Q

States that there are 2-3 cell origins. There is a separate and distinct stem cell compartment.

A

Polyphyletic theory

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37
Q

Lymphoblast and myeloblast

A

Lymphocyte and monocyte

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38
Q

Which give rises to
monocytes.

A

Reticuloendothelial cells

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39
Q

believes that there is a separate stem cell for each cell series.

A

Complete theory

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40
Q

one single fixed multipotent stem cell that gives rise to tissue and to blood cells.

A

Hemohistoclast

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41
Q

All type of cell including the embryo

A

Tutipotent

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42
Q

Has the ability to reproduce and differentiate any blood cells

A

CFU

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43
Q

What will arise from CFU-GEMM and
CFU-L are the

A

Progenitor sp ells

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44
Q

are commited cells meaning it is already identified what cell they will become

A

Progenitor cells

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45
Q

Neutrophil and monocyte shares the same proginitor cell called

A

CFU-GM

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46
Q

is the proginitor commited to become Eosinophil

A

CFU-Eo

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47
Q

is the proginitor for Basophil

A

CFU-Baso

48
Q

is the proginitor commited to become either Megakaryocte (CFU-Mega) or Erythrocyte (BFU- E first then CFU-E then erythrocyte)

A

CFU-MegE

49
Q

are committed to become T-cell or Natural Killer cell

A

Pre-T/Nk cells

50
Q

Cell line of CFU-GEMM

A

Myeloid cell line

51
Q

CFU-L cell line

A

Lymphoid cell line

52
Q

Committed but not recognizable

A

Progenitors

53
Q

Committed and recognizable

A

Precursor

54
Q

these are Pluripotent Hematopoietic Stem cell, CFU-GEMM and CFU-L. Since they are multipotent stem cell they are all uncommitted

A

Multipotent stem cell

55
Q

will still mature to become macrophage in the tissue.

A

Monocyte

56
Q

____is morphologically mature but functionally immature. It will mature to become___

A

B cell; plasma cell

57
Q

Cell that will give rise to an entire cell linage

A

Progenitor

58
Q

A cell that will give rise to a more mature cell in the cell line

A

Precursor

59
Q

Less active unless exposed to antigen

A

B cell lympocyte

60
Q

Functionally mature b cell that is active in antibody production

A

Plasma

61
Q

Proteins that regulate the production of blood cells. These include ______ and _______.

A

Growth Factors; cytokines and hormones

62
Q

Growth factors can be in the form of

A

Proteins or glycoproteins

63
Q

They are regulatory factors that regulate the production and destruction of blood.

A

Growth factors

64
Q

multipotent which means
it is capable of regulating the growth of more than one cell line together with GM-CSF (colony stimulating factor) which is not exclusive in granulocyte and monocyte. It can also affect the function of other mature cells.

A

Interleukin - 3

65
Q

main growth factor for erythropoiesis and Thrombopoietin (TPO) for thrombopoiesis.

A

Erythropoietin

66
Q

Erythropoietin and thrombopoietin are produced in the ____ and _____

A

Kidneys and liver

67
Q

EPO is mainly produced in

A

Kidneys

68
Q

TPO is mainlyproduced in

A

Liver

69
Q

stem cell factor” or “steel factor”
- Stimulates myeloid, erythroid and
lymphoid progenitors.

A

Kit Ligand

70
Q

primitive progenitor cells.
- Tyrosine like ligand because it acts on the receptor of tyrosine kinase

A

Fit-3 Ligand

71
Q

are the one that receives signals from the outside and interpret the signals to promote the growth of progenitor cell

A

Tyrosine kinase

72
Q

is a disease caused by a mutation in tyrosine kinase gene

A

Leukemia

73
Q

Are both multipotent cells

A

IL3 and GM-CSF

74
Q

Individual platelets

A

Proplatelets

75
Q

Release of RBCs is promoted by

A

erythropoietin, hypoxia, cell’s stage of maturation (reticulocyte) and the pressure exerted by the intramarrow frowth of cells.

76
Q

WBCs. Leave the bone marrow through?

A

Chemotaxis

77
Q

while platelets are released to the circulation through

A

platelet shedding.

78
Q

Cause the WBC to migrate

A

Cortisome

79
Q

The rules of markers are very important
in

A

Immunophenotyping

80
Q

Most immature cells

A

Blast cells

81
Q

In megakaryopoiesis the cell does not divide but its nuclear component will replicate in the process called?

A

Endomitosis

82
Q

progenitor production until mature RBCs in circulation takes how many days?

A

18-21 days

83
Q

is also very important since its mode of action or its target cell is the main stem cell, without it stimulating the stem cell, the stem cell will not differentiate into progenitors.

A

Stem cell factor

84
Q

Immature rbc is polished by?

A

Splenic macrophages

85
Q

During the ejection of the nucleus, some nuclear fragments may be left inside the nucleus called the?

A

Howell-jolly bodies

86
Q

Division: once or more than once

A

Rubriblast; pronormoblast

87
Q

There is a dark staining of the nucleus because of
the heterochromatin or that is the
condenstation of the chromatin.

A

Basophilic Normoblast (Prorubricyte

88
Q

Hemoglobin synthesis starts

A

Basophilic Normoblast (Prorubricyte

89
Q

Has a so called “murky cytoplasm” caused by the
appearance of HgB.

A

Polychromatophilic Normoblast (Rubricyte)

90
Q

Dawn of hemoglobinization

A

Polychromatophilic Normoblast (Rubricyte)

91
Q

last to undergo division and last to undergo mitosis.

A

Polychromatophilic normoblast (rubricyte)

92
Q

Last nucleated stage and is incapable of mitosis.

A

Orthochromic normoblast; metarubricyte

93
Q

Nuclear dissolutions occurs at this stage?

A

Metarubricyte; orthochromic normoblast

94
Q

Nuclear dissolution

A

Pyknosis

95
Q

____ doesn’t have a central pale area whilst mature RBC has

A

Reticulocyte

96
Q

First non nucleated stage

A

Reticulocyte

97
Q

Also called “Polychromasia” meaning different
shades of color particularly bluish, greyish due to the mixture taken up by HgB and RNA inside the cell. Also called “Polychromasia” meaning different
shades of color particularly bluish, greyish due to the mixture taken up by HgB and RNA inside the cell.

A

Reticulocyte

98
Q

Precipitates RNA

A

New methylene blue

99
Q

wherein the cells are first stained while they are in their living state and fixing is not required in

A

Supravital staining

100
Q

Diameter of erythrocytes

A

7 to 8 um (micra)

101
Q

Thickness of erythrocyte

A

1.5-2.5 um

102
Q

No granulws

A

Polychrome stining

103
Q

All rbc stages present in BM and PC

A

Erythron

104
Q

Refers to the circulating rbc only

A

Rbc mass

105
Q

Ejected nucleus will be engulfed by macrophages in the spleen

A

Pyrenocyte

106
Q

Found inside the RBC, a protein that makes the organelles and nucleus intact

A

Vimentin

107
Q

How many division is needed for the over all making of erythrocyte

A

4-5 divisions

108
Q

Helps regulate EPO production and also enhances it efffects on the erythroid progenitor cells

A

Prostaglandin

109
Q

Most important growth factor

A

Stem cell factor

110
Q

inhibit EPO production

A

Estrigen

111
Q

enhances erythropoiesis. This is why Hgb and RBC are both higher in males than in females.

A

Testosterone

112
Q

important in the
synthesis of DNA.

A

Folic acid and vitamin b12

113
Q

important in HgB Synthes

A

Co, Mn, Zn, Vitamin C, E, B6, Thiamine, Riboflavin, Pantothenic acid

114
Q

important in HgB Synthesis

A

Iron copper

115
Q

I

A

Hema (2 decks)

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